Web Technology in the 21st Century

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Web Technology in the 21st Century

• Bertram C. Bruce
• Library Information Science
• Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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Outline

• The problem of knowledge in health care
• New ICT's
• Knowledge transfer
• Inquiry model for knowledge
• Community inquiry laboratories

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1) Problem of knowledge in health care

• Globalization
• Environmental quality
• Working conditions
• Poverty
• Literacy
• New technologies for
• prevention, diagnosis, treatment
• for information and communication

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Research versus practice

• Knowledge vs. application
• Science vs. ordinary knowledge
• Producer vs. consumer
• Technology developer vs. user
• Knowledge as output vs. knowledge as input

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2) New information and communication technologies

• Think of it Mosaic as a map to the buried
  treasures of the Information Age. / A new
  software program available free to companies and
  individuals is helping even novice computer users
  find their way around the global Internet / an
  applications program so different and so
  obviously useful that it can create a new
  industry from scratch.
• --Dec. 8, 1993, John Markoff, New York Times

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Telesurgery

• doctors in NY remove a gall bladder in Strasbourg
• use joysticks voice commands to direct robotic
  arms holding an endoscopic camera surgical
  instruments
• watch their work on monitors
• transoceanic, fiber-optic line connects the
  control console to the robot

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Bandwidth The Matrix

• standard telephone modem 171 hours
• ISDN line 74 hours
• cable modem or DSL 25 hours
• T1 6.5 hours
• Internet2 30 seconds

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In the future already

• Science fiction itself has remained the same. We
  have caught up to it...We are a science-fiction
  generation.
• Ray
  Bradbury
• We cant think far enough ahead anymore.
• Ron
  Shusett

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Internet bookmobile

• millions of books Project Gutenberg, Liber
  Liber. the Million Book Project
• satellite download
• print on demand
• high-speed binder

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Access in India

• Hole-in-the-wall computer
• Simputer
• 1 million Internet kiosks

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3) Knowledge transfer models

• Repository gt
• Dissemination gt
• Inquiry (knowledge construction)

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Inquiry model

• a cycle of asking, investigating, creating,
  discussing, and reflecting each question leads
  to further questions
• dialogue (two-way communication)
• learning connected to life
• active learning based on the learner's purpose

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4) The Inquiry Page

• Resources for inquiry teaching learning
• Support for communities
• Tools for everyday problem-solving (personal
  websites, to-do lists, events calendars, )

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5) Community inquiry laboratory

• what happens when a community uses ICTs to engage
  in collaborative inquiry and to interact with
  other communities
• Research and education on water
• Community technology centers
• Spiritual health plan
• Paseo Boricua
• Hull-House

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a) Research and education on water
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Saris and cholera

• Cholera kills tens of thousands of people/year
• Rita Colwell copepods harbor the bacterium
  200-500x larger
• a folded sari cloth can remove the plankton
• 65 Bangladesh villages cholera reduced by half
• effective as nylon filters
• less diarrhea, cheap and convenient, easily
  adopted

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b) Community technology centers
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c) Sisternet

• African-American women
• low-income community
• use of Prairienet
• workshops run by members of the community
• identifying information communication needs

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Spiritual health plan

• For the Create section --
• I would like to accomplish the following goals
  Once each week I would like to take at least four
  (4) hours of the weekend for my own enjoyment.
  This will include, but is not limited to, things
  like going to the beauty shop, going out to
  dinner or to the movies with my husband, reading
  my Bible or some other book, or just praying or
  meditating. I also will let my family know
  that I love and support them...

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d) Paseo Boricua
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Puerto Rican community, Chicago

• Pedro Albizu Campos alternative school
• Paseo Boricua Community Library
• Puerto Rican Cultural Center
• Batey Urbano all-ages, no-alcohol club,
  featuring theater, poetry, and live music
• SIDA, diabetes, hypertension
• park with polluted lake

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e) Hull-House
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Jane Addams

• kindergarten day care facilities
• an employment bureau
• an art gallery
• libraries
• English citizenship classes
• theater, music, art classes

• a Labor Museum
• the Jane Club for single working girls
• meeting places for trade union groups
• a wide array of cultural events

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Questions

• How do people construct knowledge to address
  their needs?
• How do forces of unity and diversity operate in
  the development of communitites?
• How do knowledge, technology, and community
  co-evolve?

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Active participation

• No matter how ignorant a person is, there is one
  thing he knows better than anybody else, and that
  is where the shoes pinch on his own feet....every
  individual must be consulted in such a way,
  actively not passively, that he himself becomes
  part of the process of authoritythat his needs
  and wants have a chance to count in determining
  social policy. .
• --Dewey, Democracy Education

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Participatory inquiry

• aims to respond to human needs by democratic
  processes. Through creation of content,
  contributions to interactive elements, and
  incorporation into practice, users are not merely
  recipients of technology, but participate
  actively in its ongoing development.

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Library

• a collection organized for use gt
• a system to support community inquiry

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Conclusions

• provision of health information gt active,
  two-way, co-construction of knowledge
• citizens use technologies to develop healthy
  communities
• new literacy skills develop along through
  meaningful problem solving
• community inquiry provides a framework for
  democratic change

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Further information

• inquiry.uiuc.edu
• www.uiuc.edu/chip
• chip_at_uiuc.edu
• Literacy in the Information Age Inquiries into
  Meaning Making with New Technologies
  (International Reading Association, March 2003)

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El extremo
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Malaria and mosquito nets

• 300 million malaria cases/year 1 million deaths
• Anopheles mosquito feeds at night
• treated mosquito nets can reduce infant mortality
  by 27 and cut the number of illnesses in half
  (Tanzania)
• 4.30

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Online sources

• WebMDweb-based, news-style articles, commercial
• PubMed (NLM)12 million MEDLINE citations and
  life science journals links to sites with full
  texts
• Blogs
• Email groups

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3) Knowledge transfer
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New digital tools
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Computer-mediated work
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Ubiquitous computing