World War I

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World War I

• African Americans the War

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African Americans the War

• Black Military Service
• The proportion of black soldiers was double their
  proportion in the general population.
  
• The army continued to segregate blacks in
  separate units.
  
• The navy marines denied blacks from
  enlistment.
  
• Most blacks were denied combat duty officer
  positions.
  
• The all-black 369th Infantry Division saw more
  continuous combat action than any other unit.
  
• Two members were among the first Americans to win
  the Croix de Guerre, a French military honor.

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African Americans the War

• Black Leaders War Views
• W.E.B. DuBois Supports the war
• He was a leading civil rights figure who founded
  the NAACP edited Crisis.
  
• He supported the war effort. Why?
• Cooperating with President Wilson in supporting
  the war could lead to more support for civil
  rights.
  
• That which the German power represents today
  spells death to aspirations of Negroes all
  darker races for equality, freedom, democracy.

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African Americans the War

• Black Leaders War Views
• William Monroe Trotter
• He was a leading civil rights figure who founded
  edited the Boston Guardian..
  
• He opposed the war effort. Why?
• He believed that blacks who were being victimized
  by the government should not aid a racist
  government that oppresses them.
  

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African Americans the War

• The Great Migration
• The Great War, along with other factors,
  encouraged a giant demographic change for African
  Americans.
  
• Before the war, most African Americans lived in
  the rural South.
  
• This began to change with the onset of World War
  I.
  

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African Americans the War

• The Great Migration
• This migration was a massive movement of hundreds
  of thousands of blacks from the rural South to
  Northern urban areas.
  

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African Americans the War

• The Great Migration
• Factors influencing the migration
• Escape Racial Terrorism
• The Bowl Weevil infestation terrible flooding
• It ruined the cotton growing economy, leaving
  many rural black farmers with fewer job
  opportunities by 1916.
  
• World War I
• Leads to a labor shortage in manufacturing
• Soldiers leave jobs
• Fewer immigrants
• Factory management lures blacks with newspaper
  ads free railroad passes.
  

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African Americans the War

• The Great Migration
• Leads to racial tension race riots.
• East St. Louis had a race riot in 1917.
• 40 blacks died.
• 9 whites died.
• Chicago has a race riot in 1919.
• 23 blacks died.
• 15 whites died.
• 342 blacks were injured.
• 178 whites were injured.

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African Americans the War

• The Great Migration
• The artwork is titled, The Migration of the
  Negro.
  
• Jacob Lawrence is the artist.
• The picture clearly conveys the common
  destinations of many African Americans during
  this time period.
  

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African Americans the War

• The Great Migration
• This thematic map also illustrates the
  demographic change in the U.S. during this Great
  Migration.

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