Final Exam

1
Final Exam

• Tuesday, May 6
• 5-7 pm
• Marshall Auditorium

2
BASE Jumping Regulations

• Illegal within all National Parks
• Outside of National Parks, regulated by Federal
  Aviation Administration (same laws as skydiving)

3
Snowmobiling in Yellowstone

• Winter Use Plan has been approved
• www.nps.gov/yell/technical/planning/winteruse/plan
  /index.htm

4
International Recreation
5
Global perceptions about recreation areas

• Cultural perceptions of recreation and recreation
  areas

Masai family, Kenya
6
Global perceptions about recreation areas

• Ownership of public lands
• Crown lands of Canada Provincial Parks

Algonquin Provincial Park, Canada - 1893
7
Global perceptions about recreation areas

• Ownership of open lands access for recreation
• Great Britain
• 1951 First National Park established in England

Peak National Park, England
8
Global perceptions about recreation areas

• Wilderness perceptions

Annapurna Sanctuary, Nepal
9
Problems facing international recreation today

• High population growth in poor countries gtgtgt
  conflict between survival preservation
• Competition for natural resources
• Wars

10
World Heritage Sites

• Sites of unique international cultural natural
  interest
• Designated by UNESCO (United Nations Educational,
  Scientific, Cultural Organization)
• 721 sites worldwide

11
History of World Heritage Sites

• 1959 Plans to Build Aswan High Dam in Egypt

• UNESCO launched campaign to save Abu Simbel
  Temples
• 80 million
• Temples moved to high ground

Abu Simbel Temples, Egypt
12
History

• 1962 - UNESCO prepared a draft convention on the
  protection of cultural heritage sites
• 1965 - US suggested creation of World Heritage
  Trust to protect natural areas globally

13
History

• 1968 International Union for Conservation of
  Nature (IUCN) developed natural heritage site
  protection proposal
• 1972 Convention Concerning the Protection of
  World Cultural and Natural Heritage
• Today 168 countries ratified convention (192
  countries in world)

14
Designation Process

• Country submits application to UNESCOs World
  Heritage Committee (WHC)
• Plan for managing protecting the site
• WHC meets once per year

15
Designation Process

• WHC receives input about applications from two
  advisory organizations
• International Council on Monuments Sites
• International Union for Conservation of Nature
  (IUCN World Conservation Union)
• Site must meet at least one criterion

16
Criteria for Selection of Cultural Sites

• Masterpiece of human creative genius.
• Exhibits the expression of human values over time
  through architecture, technology, or landscape
  design.
• Exceptional testimony to a civilization.

17
Criteria for Selection of Cultural Sites

1. Outstanding example of a type of architecture or
   landscape.
2. Outstanding example of a traditional human
   settlement representative of a culture.
3. Directly associated with events or traditions.

18
Criteria for Selection of Natural Sites

1. Outstanding example of major stages in earths
   history.
2. Outstanding example of on-going ecological and
   biological processes.
3. Contain areas of exceptional natural beauty or
   phenomena.
4. Contain significant natural habitats necessary
   for conservation of biological diversity

19
Questions

• What criteria are listed for the site?
• What characteristics of the site meet the
  criteria listed?

20
Cultural World Heritage Sites
21

• The Great Wall, China
• Criteria C(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)

22

• Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump Provincial Historic
  Site, Alberta, Canada
• Criteria C (vi)

23

• Ancient Thebes, Egypt
• Criteria C (i)(iii)(vi)

24

• Potala Palace, China
• Criteria C (i)(iv)(vi)

25
What are some cultural World Heritage Sites in
the US?

• Independence Hall, PA
• Mesa Verde NP, CO
• Statue of Liberty, NY
• Monticello, VA
• 8 sites total

26
Natural World Heritage Sites
27
Galapagos Islands, Ecuador Criteria N
(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)
28
Huanglong Scenic Historic Interest Area,
China Criteria N (iii)
29
Shark Bay, Australia Criteria N (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)
30
Jau National Park, Brazil Criteria N (ii)(iv)
31
Victoria Falls, Zambia/Zimbabwe Criteria N
(ii)(iii)
32
Barrier-Reef Reserve System, Belize Criteria N
(ii)(iii)(iv)
33
Waterton Glacier International Peace Park, Canada
US (138 Peace Parks today) Criteria N (ii)(iii)
34
Aeolian Islands, Italy Criteria N (i)
35
What are some natural World Heritage Sites in the
US?

• Yellowstone NP
• Grand Canyon NP
• Everglades NP
• Redwood NP
• Yosemite NP
• 10 sites 2 International Peace Parks