PowerPoint Template

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Health Impact Assessment in Korea
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2007. 6. 6 Lee Young Soo, Kim Young Ha, Park
Jin Hee
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Environmental Assessment System in Korea
Environmental Assessment
Prior Environmental Review System
Environmental Impact Assessment
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PERS Vs. EIA(1)
PERS EIA HIA
Law Framework Act on Environmental Policy Act on Assessment of Impacts of Works on Environment, Traffic, Disasters, etc.
Preparation of EA report Establishment Agency of Plans or Project Executor Establishment Agency of Plans or Project Executor
Main Function Review suitability of project site and appropriateness of environmental plan from environmental aspects Set up reduction measures to minimize environmental impacts of various development projects
Execution timing Before establishment and confirmation of administrative plans Before approval of the development plan Before approval of the execution plan on development project (after administrative plan is confirmed)
Targets Administrative Plans related to development projects(17 areas, 83 plans) 19 minor development projects that should be conserved (Projects that dont entail administrative planning) Major development projects (17 areas, 74 unit projects)
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PERS Vs. EIA(2)
Item PERS EIA HIA
Participating Agencies Establishment (or Approval) agency for Administrative Plans, Authorization Approval agency for Development projects Authorization Approval agency for Development projects
Document Prior Environmental Review(PER) Document Environmental Impact Statement
Opinion Arrangement Public Display, Public Hearing, Public Announcement etc. Public Display, Public Hearing, Public Announcement (Exemption may be granted in case processed during PERS stage)
Consultation Period Within 30 days Within 45 days(15-day extension when necessary)
Opinion arrangement by expert An Environmental Review Consultation Committee A Deliberate Council on the TOR of EIS
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Environmental Assessment System in Korea
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PERS Consultation Process for Administrative Plans
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EIA Consultation Process
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Status Quo of Health Impact Consideration in
Environmental Assessment

• Criteria of EA
• National environmental standard
• (ex. Air, Water, Noise)
• Assessment Issues
• Hygiene Public Health in EIA
• None in PER

HIA is required
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HIA Implementation Methods

1. Preparation of new Health Impact Assessment Act
2. Integration of HIA within existing EA system

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Analysis of HIA Implementation Methods
Preparation of new Health Impact Assessment Act Preparation of new Health Impact Assessment Act Integration of HIA within existing EA system
Preparation by MOE Preparation by Project executor Integration of HIA within existing EA system
Subjects of HIA Law, Public promise, Policy, Plan, Program, Developing Decommissioning project, Emission facilities of Hazardous substance, Nuclear waste disposal facility, Development of Mine, Electromagnetic waves release device. Etc. Law, Public promise, Policy, Plan, Program, Developing Decommissioning project, Emission facilities of Hazardous substance, Nuclear waste disposal facility, Development of Mine, Electromagnetic waves release device. Etc. Plans subject to existing PERS(16 areas, 83 plans), Minor development projects, Projects subject to EIA(17 areas, 74 unit projects)
Preparation of HIS Ministry of Environment Project Executor Project Executor
Procedure of HIA Adaptation of new HIA procedure Adaptation of new HIA procedure Adaptation of existing EA procedure
Assessment Participants Local residents, Stakeholders, Approval agency, MOE, Project executor, Consultants, Experts Local residents, Stakeholders, Approval agency, Consultation agency, Project executor, Consultants, Experts Local residents, Stakeholders, Approval agency, Consultation agency, Project executor, Consultants, KEI
Range of Experts Environment Experts, Environmental Assessment Experts, Health Experts etc. Environment Experts, Environmental Assessment Experts, Health Experts etc. Environment Experts, Environmental Assessment Experts, Health Experts etc.
Advantage Broad target range enables thorough discussion on health related problems. - Broad target range enables thorough discussion on health related problems. -Accomplishment of Assessment Object -Difficulties in HIA system operation is relatively small because it is operated within existing EA system -Accomplishment of Assessment Object
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Analysis of HIA Implementation Methods
Preparation of new Health Impact Assessment Act Preparation of new Health Impact Assessment Act Integration of HIA within existing EA system
Preparation by MOE Preparation by Project executor Integration of HIA within existing EA system
Disadvantage -Difficulty expected in legislative process -Time and Cost inefficiency caused by overlapping works -Difficulty expected in legislative process -Time and Cost inefficiency caused by overlapping works Subjects to HIA are limited relatively
Anticipated Problems -Lack of Budget and Manpower(health experts with expertise and experience in HIA) -Overload responsibilities on project executor -Compensation requests based on health problems -Dispute on fairness -Compensation requests based on health problems -Dispute on fairness -Lengthening of consultation period -Compensation requests based on health problems
Proposed Solutions -Expansion of Budget and Manpower -Allow effectuation as recommendation -Continuous consultation with stakeholders is required about compensation problem -Efficient practical use of scoping system -Continuous consultation with stakeholders is required about compensation problem -Practical use of existing system(scoping system, simple assessment) -Continuous consultation with stakeholders is required about compensation problem
Overseas Examples UK, Netherlands etc. (Implementation by Health authority) United States, Canada etc. United States, Canada etc.

• Integration of HIA within existing EA system
  was Selected

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Health Determinants
Health Determinants Health Determinants Health Determinants Health Determinants
Biological factor Age Gender Genes Social and economic factors Employment Income Housing Education Social Severance Crime Access to Public Service - School - Park - Medical Facility - Leisure Facility - Transportation Facility - Police Station
Individual factors Smoking Alcohol Physical Activity Diet Safety Leisure Social and economic factors Employment Income Housing Education Social Severance Crime Access to Public Service - School - Park - Medical Facility - Leisure Facility - Transportation Facility - Police Station
Physical factors Air Quality Water Quality Soil Waste Noise Vibration Accident Social and economic factors Employment Income Housing Education Social Severance Crime Access to Public Service - School - Park - Medical Facility - Leisure Facility - Transportation Facility - Police Station
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HIA Procedure
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HIA Implementation Schedule
Implementation Stage Projects requiring HIA Data to be constructed Assessment method
First stage (2010) Formation of Industrial Complex, Installation of Incinerator, Formation of Landfill Site, Construction of Power Plant, Construction of Dam -C-R function data on HAPs(Hazardous Air Pollutants), Odor substance(including VOCs), Noise Vibration etc. -NOEAL, LOAEL etc. (After 2010 continuously Set-up) -Reviewing availability of C-R function data from the United States and EU -Development of assessment methodologies on Socio-Economic determinant of health (Before 2010) -Development of assessment methodologies on Ecological Risk Assessment (Before 2010)
Second stage (2013) First stage Projects Low level Administrative Plan, Urban Development, Construction of Road Railroads, Development of Water Resources, Construction of Airports -Development of Health Impact Assessment Methodologies on Low level Administrative Plans (Development by end of 2012)
Third stage (2016) Second stage Projects Policy, High level Administrative Plan, Harbor Facilities, Construction of Military Facilities, Development of Athletic Facilities, Development of Tourist Complex, Extraction of earth, rocks and sand -Development of Health Impact Assessment Methodologies on Policy and High level Administrative Plans (Development by end of 2015)
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Scheme for HIA System

• KHIA Korea Health Impact Assessment
• ERA Ecological Risk Assessment
• EHIA Environmental Health Impact Assessment
• SIA Social Impact Assessment

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Thank you !