CELLS

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CELLS

• CELL THEORY
• CELLS ARE THE FUNDEMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE
• ALL CELLS HAVE NUCLEI
• ALL CELLS ARISE FROM PREEXISTING CELLS

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CELLS

• SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
• DISPROVEN BY PASTEUR

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CELLS
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CELLS

• MAJOR GROUPS OF ORGANELLES
• MEMBRANE
• NUCLEOUS
• ENDOMEMBRANE TRANSPORT
• ENERGY PRODUCING
• CYTOSKELETAL
• OTHER

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CELLS

• MEMBRANE
• PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
• SAME IN PROKARYOTE AND EUKARYOTE
• GIVES THE CELL SHAPE

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CELLS
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CELLS
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CELLS/CELL SIZE
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CELLS/CELL SIZE

• MUST BE ABLE TO CONTAIN DNA
• SURFACE TO VOLUME RATIO MUST BE SMALL
• 1 CUBE 6 x 30µm x 30µm 5400µm
• IF CUBE 6 x 10µm x 10µm 600µm
• SO 27 CELLS X 600µm 16200 µm

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CELLS/CELL SIZE

• SMALLER CELLS CAN SERVICE SMALLER PORTIONS OF
  CYTOPLASM
• ONLY CELLS WITH THE PROPER RATIOS WILL SURVIVE

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CELL/MATERIAL MOVEMENT

• SIMPLE DIFFUSION
• FACILITATED DIFFUSION
• ACTIVE TRANSPORT
• OSMOSIS

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CELLS/MATERIAL MOVEMENT
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CELLS/MATERIAL MOVEMENT
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CELLS/MATERIAL MOVEMENT
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CELLS/MATERIAL MOVEMENT

• LARGE OBJECTS
• ENDOCYTOSIS
• PHAGOCYTOSIS
• PINOCYTOSIS
• EXOCYTOSIS

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CELLS/MATERIAL MOVEMENT
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CELLS/MATERIAL MOVEMENT
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CELLS/NUCLEUS

• AREA OF DNA STORAGE
• PROKARYOTES CALLED NUCLEAR REGION

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CELLS/NUCLEUS

• INSIDE AREA CALLED KARYOPLASM
• MEMBRANE AROUND CALLED NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
• INSIDE AREA CALLED NUCLEOLUS

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CELLS/NUCLEUS
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CELLS/ENDOMEMBRANE

• MOVEMENT OF MATERIAL INSIDE OF CELL
• THREE MAJOR TYPES
• ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• SMOOTH ENODPALSMIC RETICULUM
• SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM

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CELL/ENDOMEMBRANE
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CELLS/ENDOMEMBRANE
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CELLS/ENDOMEMBRANE

• FUNCTIONS
• ROUGH
• PROVIDE A LOCATION FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
• STORE INACTIVE PROTEINS

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CELLS/ENDOMEMBRANE

• FUNCTIONS
• SMOOTH E.R.
• PRODUCE PHOSPHOLIPIDS
• DETOXIFICATION
• SITE OF TRANSPORT VESICLE FORMATION

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CELLS/ENDOMEMBRANE

• FUNCTIONS
• SARCOPLASMIC RET.
• PROVIDE CALCIUM TO MUSCLE CELLS FOR CONTRACTION

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CELLS/ENDOMEMBRANE

• GOLGI APPARATUS
• FUNCTION-PROCESS PROTEINS FROM INACTIVE TO ACTIVE
• FORMATION OF LYSOSOMES

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CELLS/ENDOMEMBRANE

• FUNCTION
• LYSOSOMES
• TO DIGEST MATERIAL BROUGHT INTO CELL
• FOR AUTO DIGESTION

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CELLS/ENERGY

• BOTH PLANTS AND ANIMALS
• MITOCHONDRIA
• ONLY PLANTS
• CHLOROPLASTS

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CELLS/ENERGY
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CELLS/ENERGY

• MITOCHONDRIA
• HAS OWN DNA
• INSIDE MEMBRANES
• MATIRX KREBS CYCLE
• CRISTAE ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM

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CELLS/ENERGY
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CELLS/ENERGY

• CHLOROPLAST
• HAS OWN DNA
• INSIDE MEMBRANES
• THYLAKIODS PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• GRANA STACKED THYLAKIODS
• STROMA FLUID AROUND GRANA

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CELLS/ENERGY

• ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY
• FREE LIVING ORGANISMS
• CAN FOR LUNCH/NEVER LEFT
• ALLOWS FOR CELL TO DO OTHER THINGS

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CELLS/CYTOSKELETAL

• 3 TYPES
• MICROFILIMENTS
• INTERMEDIATE FIBERS
• MICROTUBULES

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CELLS/CYTOSKELETAL

• MICROFILAMENTS
• MUSCLE FIBERS USED IN LOCOMOTION
• ACTIN/MYOSIN

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CELLS/CYTOSKELETAL
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CELLS/CYTOSKELETAL

• MICROTUBULES
• TUBULIN
• 92 ARRANGEMENT FOR FLAGELLA
• 90 ARRANGEMENT FOR SPINDLE FIBERS

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CELLS/CYTOSKELETAL
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CELLS/CYTOSKELETAL

• INTERMEDIATE FIBERS
• USED AS ANCHORS
• VIMENTIN
• FOUND IN NUCLEUS
• UNDER CELL MEMBRANE
• ATTACHMENT SITES BETWEEN CELLS

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CELLS/CYTOSKELETAL
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CELLS/OTHER

• RIBOSOME
• PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
• TWO HALVES LARGE AND SMALL/DIFFERENT WEIGHTS
• PEROXISOME
• DETOX H2O2

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CELLS/OTHER
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CELLS/OTHER
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CELLS/PROKARYOTE

• SIMPLE CELLS
• NO MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLS
• JUST NUCLEAR REGION
• RIBOSOMES

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CELLS/PROKARYOTE