Brain Haemorrhage: Symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment

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Brain Haemorrhage

• Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment

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What is Brain Haemorrhage ?

• Brain haemorrhage is a type of stroke wherein
  damage induced to the artery results in localized
  bleeding in the brain, and destroys the tissues
  and cells in the vicinity. When the rupture
  caused to the wall of the blood vessels results
  in blood spill, the blood enters the area wherein
  vital tissues and cells of brain are located and
  kills them.
• It is a severe condition, wherein the person
  needs immediate medication/treatment - if the
  person is not subjected to proper treatment in
  time, it can result in further complications like
  loss of brain function and cause coma or death.

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Causes of Brain Haemorrhage

• There are several risk factors and causes of
  brain haemorrhages. The most common include
• Head trauma. Injury is the most common cause of
  bleeding in the brain for those under 50.
• High blood pressure. This chronic condition can,
  over a long period of time, weaken blood vessel
  walls. Untreated high blood pressure is a major
  preventable cause of brain haemorrhages.
• Aneurysm. This is a weakening in a blood vessel
  wall that swells. It can burst and bleed into the
  brain, leading to a stroke.

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Causes Continue

• Blood vessel abnormalities. Weaknesses in the
  blood vessels in and around the brain may be
  present at birth and diagnosed only if symptoms
  develop.
• Amyloid angiopathy. This is an abnormality of the
  blood vessel walls that sometimes occurs with
  ageing. It may cause many small, unnoticed bleeds
  before causing a large one.
• Blood or bleeding disorders. Haemophilia and
  sickle cell anaemia can both contribute to
  decreased levels of blood platelets.
• Liver disease. This condition is associated with
  an increased risk of bleeding in general.
• Brain tumours.

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Symptoms of Brain Haemorrhage

• Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
• Difficulty swallowing
• Difficulty writing or reading
• Loss of fine motor skills
• Loss of coordination
• Loss of balance
• An abnormal sense of taste
• Loss of consciousness
• Decreased alertness, lethargy
• Changes in vision
• Tingling or numbness

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Symptoms Continue

• A sudden severe headache
• Seizures with no previous history of seizures
• Weakness in an arm or leg
• Nausea or vomiting

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Diagnosis of Brain Haemorrhage

• There are series of tests that are used to
  diagnose a condition which is likely to lead to a
  haemorrhage. A CT (Computerized Tomography) scan
  or MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan can help
  find out where the haemorrhage has occurred.
• Lumbar puncture - i.e. surgical removal of fluid
  from the subarachnoid space of the lumbar region
  of the spinal cord for diagnostic purpose,
  angiography - imaging done by injecting a
  radio-opaque contrast agent into the blood
  vessel, etc., are other tests that are used in
  the diagnosis of brain haemorrhage.

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Treatments of Brain Haemorrhage

• Patients need to be monitored very closely if
  bleeding is inside the brain.
• Initial step of treatment involves stabilizing
  the blood pressure and ensuring normal breathing.
• Ventilator can be made available to ensure enough
  oxygen supply to the brain and other vital organs
  of the body.
• Intravenous access is required so that patient
  can get fluids and medicines especially in
  unconscious state.
• Special monitoring systems are needed for keeping
  track of the heart beats, blood oxygen levels and
  intracranial pressure.
• Once the patient is stabilized, then doctors take
  decision to operate the patient based on various
  factors.

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Preventions of Brain Haemorrhages

• Controlling blood pressure or hypertension.
• It has been found in a study that around 80
  patients have high blood pressure history.
• Have a healthy diet and exercise regularly.
• Meditate daily to keep your mind peaceful.
• Stress can cause overexertion of brain.
• Stop Smoking
• Avoid drugs such as cocaine which can increase
  the risk of brain disorder.
• To avoid head injury drive carefully with your
  seat belt on.

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Complications of Brain Haemorrhages

• Death can also occur despite of medication in
  some cases.
• Loss of movement
• Inability in communicating
• Bleeding may occur in the digestive system
• paralysis
• depression

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