POSITIVE DEVIANCE APPROACH for PREVENTING GIRL TRAFFICKING

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POSITIVE DEVIANCE APPROACHforPREVENTING GIRL
TRAFFICKING

• LPKP Jawa Timur
• Save the Children Indonesia
• May 2004

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Positive Deviance Approach

• ?
• What enables some very poor families to keep
  their girls safely at home when others in the
  community are trafficked to the sex industry?
  

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SAVE THE CHILDRENSANTI-TRAFFICKING INITIATIVE

• Goal To reduce the number of girls trafficked
  from at-risk communities
  
• Utilizes a positive deviance approach to
  identify and build on successful strategies that
  already exist in the community
  
• Prevention aims Capacity building and
  mobilization of rural communities where
  trafficking is common
  

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PRELIMINARY STEPS

• Identified a local NGO partner already working
  with a sending village
  
• Recruited 17 community volunteers (cadres)
• Conducted baseline survey to identify number of
  girls working in the sex industry
  
• 106 cases identified in village of 778
  households
  
• Built support program among village leaders

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DEFINE the problem related causes

• Problem
• Poor Families permit their daughters to work in
  the special entertainment industry
  
• Related Causes
• Girls can earn more money than in other sectors
• Families aware of special entertainment
  industry income
  
• Lack of local job opportunities
• Peer pressure- girls persuading girls
• Brokers, pimps live in the village

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DETERMINE the presence of PDs

• A. PD Family Selection Criteria
• Poor (farmers or seasonal laborers)
• Have at least 3 children- at least one daughter,
  15 years or older, no longer in school
  
• Parents not educated past junior high school
• Parents say they have not and will not permit
  their daughters to work in the entertainment
  industry
  

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DETERMINE the presence of PDs, cont.

• B. PD Girls Selection Criteria
• Poor, under 18 years old
• Have made a conscious decision not to work in the
  sex industry, despite the opportunity to do so
  
• (3 PD girls and 4 PD families identified to
  date)
  

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DISCOVER PD determinants

• A. Determinant Factors
• Fear of loosing contact with daughter
• Fear daughter will have a bad experience (i.e.
  being cheated or exploited by employer)
  
• View work in the sex industry as shameful and
  against their religion
  
• Fear of increased risk of infection from sex
  work
  

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DISCOVER PD strategies and practices

• B. Strategies and Practices
• 1. PD parents cope better with economic
  hardships than their neighbors
  
• Grow a variety of crops, not only coffee
• Mothers help daughters establish a small
  profitable businesses in the village to
  supplement family income
  
• Keep family expenses low so daughter does not
  have to work outside the village
  

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2. PD parents allow daughters to work outside the
village, with the following conditions

• Before permitting daughters to work outside the
  village, PD parents closely investigate the kind
  of work she will be doing
  
• Require daughters to report home regularly via
  letters and phone
  
• Send a family member to visit their daughter to
  ensure her work environment is safe

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3. PD parents address peer pressure by

• Openly discuss the risks of working in the
  special entertainment industry with their
  daughters
  
• Monitor their daughters friends to protect them
  from bad influences
  
• Reiterate family values with their daughter when
  other girls from the community return home from
  the special entertainment industry
  

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4. PD parents have better spousal and family
communication practices

• They discuss dangers of neighborhood brokers with
  daughters
  
• They avoid arguing with their spouse in front of
  their children
  
• They cool off before confronting the child with
  misbehavior
  

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DESIGN PD-Informed Initiatives

• Community held meeting to share PD inquiry
  results and build consensus
  
• Community designed and initiated own action
  plan
  

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DESIGN PD-Informed Initiatives, cont.

• Community Watch Committees (cadres, PD families,
  formal and informal leaders, and other
  villagers)
  
• Established in every hamlet to monitor the
  brokers, and to map the migration flow
  
• Volunteers approach families with daughters
  at-risk for trafficking to discuss safe migration
  and risks of work in the special entertainment
  industry

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DESIGN PD-Informed Initiatives, cont.

• Alternative Income Options
• Plan to do a training on extensive crop rotation
• Develop economic opportunities for women and
  girls (initiated by local government)
  

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DESIGN PD-Informed Initiatives, cont.

• Community-based anti-trafficking campaign
• Cadres develop messages based on PD words and
  experiences to promote a shift in values about
  working in the special entertainment industry
  
• Enlist PD families to spread messages and act as
  role models
  
• Adopt travel document regulation in village
  (notification of working/travel intent)
  

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RESULTS TO DATE

• The local government
• Disseminated government rule and regulations
  regarding travel document to all hamlets
  leaders to distribute to their community members
  
• Prevented several girls age 14-16 from leaving
  the village to work in unclear destinations by
  giving them information about the risk
  
• Discussed sex trade issues with other villages
  and sub district government

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RESULTS TO DATE, cont.

• Cadres/Volunteers
• Developed maps of migration flow to identify the
  houses of girls being trafficked and those at
  risk
  
• Used traditional performance such as the shadow
  puppet to raise awareness of trafficking issue
  

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CHALLENGES

• It takes times and supervision to alter the local
  NGO partner perspective from the conventional
  approach to the PD approach
  
• Security concerns related to the team (SC staff,
  local NGO partner and cadres) being at risk of
  retribution from broker
  
• Need to complement advocacy work with other
  programs that community perceives as valuable
  programs (i.e. water /sanitation etc.)
  
• Scaling up the program