COMPUTER SOFTWARE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 59
About This Presentation
Title:

COMPUTER SOFTWARE

Description:

COMPUTER SOFTWARE. EDIT Module 1: Introduction to Information Technology. Think of a computer as a robot. ... Manage the computer resources. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:8386
Avg rating:5.0/5.0
Slides: 60
Provided by: royco4
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: COMPUTER SOFTWARE


1
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
  • EDIT Module 1 Introduction to Information
    Technology

2
  • Think of a computer as a robot.
  • What do you want it to do?

3
We Want a Computer To
  • 1. Read input data from source documents or
    secondary storage.
  • 2. Process the data.
  • 3. Display the results.
  • 4. Print the results.
  • 5. Store the results.
  • 6. Transmit the results.
  • 7. Protect itself and the data.
  • 8. Keep track of things that it is doing to
    restart.
  • 9. Count things to reflect performance.
  • 10. Do multiple things at the same time.

4
For the computer to be able to perform all these
requires the user to instruct the computer
software to control the machine
5
Why is this topic important
  • Hardware is the engine and software is the gas
    that makes it run.
  • To understand software concepts is to understand
    how real work gets done on computer-based systems
    within a business.
  • To understand software is to appreciate the
    specific details that must be addressed for a new
    computer-based application to be implemented.

6
Important Topics
  • Major categories of software.
  • The importance of operating systems and related
    systems software.
  • The increasing importance of application
    packages.
  • Challenges to implement application packages.
  • The evolution of programming languages and the
    reason for so many languages.

7
Computer Software
  • The detailed instructions that control
  • the operation of a computer system.
  • Provide tools to people.
  • Intermediary between people and data.
  • Manage the computer resources.
  • Selecting appropriate software for an enterprise
    is a key management decision.

8
Overview of Computer Software
9
Trends in Computer Software
First Generation
Second Generation
Third Generation
Fourth Generation
Fifth Generation
Trend Toward Easy-to-Use Multipurpose
Network-Enabled Application Packages for
Productivity and Collaboration
User-Written Programs Machine Languages
Packaged Programs Symbolic Languages
Operating Systems High-Level Languages
DBMS Fourth- Generation Languages Microcomput
er Packages
Natural Object-Oriented Languages Multipurpo
se Graphic- Interface Network-enabled
Expert-Assisted Packages
Trend Toward Visual or Conversational
Programming Languages and Tools
10
Application SoftwareEnd User Applications
  • 1) General Purpose Application Programs
  • Software Suites Microsoft Office
  • Word Processing - Word / Works / Claris
  • Spreadsheet Excel / FoxPro / Lotus
  • Database Managers - Access / Dbase/Sybase
  • Web Browsers Internet Explorer / Netscape
  • Electronic Mail MS Outlook / Express / Eudora
  • Presentation Graphics Power Point / Flash

11
Application SoftwareEnd User Applications
  • 2) Application-Specific Programs
  • Application Software Packages support managerial
    and operational uses
  • Accounting
  • Transaction Processing
  • Customer Relationship Management
  • Electronic Commerce

12
System SoftwareComputer System Management
  • 1) System Management Programs
  • Operating System
  • Resource Management
  • File Management
  • Task Management
  • Network Management Programs
  • Database Management Systems
  • System Utilities

13
System SoftwareComputer System Management
  • 2) System Development Programs
  • Programming Language
  • - BASIC / C / COBOL / JAVA/TURBO-PASCAL
  • Programming Translators
  • Assemblers translates assembler language
  • Compilers translates high level language
    translate the program (source code) into machine
    code (object code), then execute the object code.

14
Programming Languages
15
In short
  • Operating Systems
  • Five basic functions
  • User interface
  • Resource Management
  • File Management
  • Task Management
  • Utilities for support services
  • Programming Languages
  • Five major levels
  • Machine language
  • Assembler language
  • High-level language
  • Fourth-Generation
  • Object-Oriented
  • Software
  • Application vs. System
  • Application Software
  • General purpose applications for end users
  • System Software
  • Manage hardware, software, network, data
    resources

16
Systems Software
  • Definition
  • All programs related to coordinating computer
    operations
  • Components
  • Operating System
  • Utility programs
  • Program language translators

17
Operating SystemHidden Software
  • Definition provides access to all resources
  • Kernel
  • Manages the operating system
  • Memory resident
  • Loads set of programs that lies between
    applications software and the hardware
  • Fundamental software that controls non-resident
    portions of the OS as needed
  • Booting Loads the kernel into memory

18
Operating System
  • A software program that acts as an intermediary
  • between a user of a computer and the computer
  • hardware.
  • Exist because it is a reasonable way to solve the
  • problem of creating a usable computer by better
  • managing the computer resources.
  • The basis for standardization of application
  • software. (the platform)

19
Functions of an Operating System
Use of hardware resources
Managing the accomplishment of tasks
Managing Data and Program Files
Sort, Merge, Performance, etc.
20
Functions of OS
  • Manage the computers resources
  • CPU
  • Memory
  • Disk drives
  • Printers
  • Establish a user interface
  • Execute and provide services for applications
    software
  • Carries out all input and output operation

21
Operating System Functions
  • Multiprogramming - executing two or more
  • programs concurrently using the same computer.
  • Multiprocessing - executing two or more
  • instructions simultaneously in a single computer
    by
  • using multiple central processing units.
  • Graphical User Interface (GUI) - part of the
  • operating system that uses graphic icons to issue
  • commands and make selections.

22
User Interface
  • Facilitates communication between the user and
    the operating system
  • Two forms
  • Command line
  • Text-based
  • Key commands
  • Examples MS-DOS, Unix
  • Graphical user interface (GUI)
  • Visual images
  • Menus
  • Examples Windows, Mac OS, Linux

23
Popular Operating Systems
  • DOS
  • Windows .X
  • Windows NT
  • UNIX
  • Linux
  • OS/2
  • Mac OS
  • IBM MVS, VM

24
OS is Hidden
  • User interested in application software to make
    the PC useful
  • Application software is platform specific
  • User must be aware of the type of OS
  • User should be aware of the functions of OS

25
What is the platform of your system?
  • A common question posed to a system vendor,
    manufacturer or even the organization utilizing
    the system..

26
Platform
  • Definition
  • Computer hardware and operating system software
    that dictate what other software can run
  • E.g. Wintel
  • Intel-based PC running on
  • Microsoft Windows

27
Types of OS
  • Command line
  • Single user PC
  • Network Operating System (NOS)

28
Command-line MS-DOS
  • Command-line interface
  • Prompt system is waiting for you to do
    something
  • Key a command
  • Not user-friendly

29
Single-user PC Microsoft Windows
  • Graphical user interface
  • Eases access to the OS
  • Most new computers come with Windows already
    installed

30
Network Operating System NOS
  • Designed to permit computers on a network to
    share resources
  • Examples
  • Windows 2000 Server
  • Novell Net Ware
  • Provides
  • Data security
  • Troubleshooting
  • Administrative control

31
NOS Functions
  • Split between client and server computers
  • Server
  • File management
  • Client
  • Requests to the server
  • Messaging
  • Has own local OS
  • Makes the resources appear as if they are local
    to the clients computer

32
Early Days of Windows OS
  • Operating environment for MS-DOS
  • Shell layer added between users and DOS

33
Windows Today
  • Home/consumer market
  • Windows 95
  • Windows 98
  • Windows Millennium Edition (ME)
  • Corporate market
  • Windows NT
  • Windows 2000
  • Windows XP
  • Pocket computers and Internet appliances
  • Windows CE

34
What are the prominent features of Windows?
35
Prominent feature of Windows GUI
  • On-screen pictures
  • Icons
  • Menus
  • Pull down
  • Pop up
  • Click to activate a command or function
  • Fast
  • Easy
  • Intuitive

36
Windows 95 and 98
  • Self-contained OS
  • DOS commands still available
  • Start programs by
  • Start button
  • Double clicking the icon
  • Task bar permits movement between open programs
  • Long file names up to 255 characters
  • Plug and play
  • Object linking and embedding (OLE)

37
Windows 98 Additions
  • Internet / intranet browsing
  • Support for DVD and additional multimedia
    components
  • Support for large hard drives
  • TV viewer and broadcast ability
  • Wizards / Help Assistant

38
Improved Windows Features
  • Backup
  • Interfaces with other software
  • Networking features
  • Security
  • Dr. Watson

39
Windows
  • Helps reduce the cost of owning and maintaining a
    PC

40
Windows MEMillennium Edition
  • Multimedia support -- Windows Media Player 7
  • Jukebox
  • Record music CDs as digital files
  • Windows Movie Maker
  • Basic video editing
  • Windows Image Acquisition
  • Scanner and digital camera

41
Windows MEMillennium Edition
  • Reliability Features
  • System File Protection
  • AutoUpdate
  • System Restore
  • Help Center
  • Home Network Support
  • Wizard for connecting multiple computers and
    peripherals
  • Multiple users can share a single Internet
    connection

42
Windows NTNew Technology
  • Engineered for stability
  • Strong security
  • Versions
  • NT Workstation
  • NT Server
  • Drawbacks
  • Lacks support for older Windows and MS-DOS
    software and hardware
  • Complex to learn and use
  • Requires more memory and processing power

43
Windows 2000
  • Stability features
  • Security features
  • Uses simple approach to hardware setup from
    Windows 98
  • Versions
  • Windows 2000 Professional for individual users
  • Windows 2000 for network servers
  • Was intended for both the corporate and home use,
    replacing Win NT and Win 98

44
Windows 2000
  • Complex
  • Heavy demand for computer resources
  • Improvements over windows NT
  • Maintains user preferences
  • Self-healing applications software
  • Supports Windows 98 file structure
  • Uses plug and play
  • Provides improved support for laptops

45
Windows XP
  • Extends Windows ME and provides a more stable
    environment
  • Two categories
  • Network server
  • 3 versions based upon network complexity
  • Desktop computer
  • 2 versions
  • Professional Client
  • Personal Client

46
Windows CE Consumer Electronics
  • Where used
  • Embedded systems
  • Industrial controllers
  • Robots
  • Office equipment
  • Cameras
  • Telephones
  • Home entertainment devices
  • Automobile navigation systems
  • Pocket PC
  • Internet appliance market

47
Windows CE Consumer Electronics
  • Subset of Windows
  • Less memory
  • Smaller screens
  • Little or no file storage
  • Provides Internet connectivity

48
Mac OS
  • First commercially successful GUI (1984)
  • Served as a model to other GUI systems

49
UNIX
  • Supports
  • Multi-user
  • Time-sharing
  • Character-based system
  • Command-line interface
  • Runs on various processors and many types of
    computers
  • Primary OS used on Internet servers

50
LINUX
  • UNIX-like OS
  • Open-source software
  • Download it free
  • Make changes
  • Distribute copies
  • Restriction any changes must be freely
    available to the public
  • PC Setup
  • PC comes with Windows installed
  • Install LINUX in a dual-boot configuration

51
LINUX
  • Advantages over Windows
  • Extremely stable
  • Internet support
  • Reinstallation is simpler
  • Disadvantage
  • Scarcity of applications

52
Large Computers
  • Used by many people at once
  • OS works behind the scenes so users can share
    resources (hardware software)
  • OS must control
  • Who gets access to resources
  • What keeps the programs from different users from
    getting mixed up with one another

53
Sharing Memory
  • Program must be in memory to be executed
  • Problems
  • Programs compete for space
  • May have a very large program
  • Memory space for each program must not overlap

54
Memory Management
  • The process of providing separate memory space to
    programs
  • Memory Protection keeps one program from
    interfering with another

55
Sharing Storage
  • Several users need to access the same disk pack
  • One wants to write
  • Another wants to read
  • OS keeps track of the I/O requests
  • OS processes I/O requests in order received

56
Utility Programs
  • Come with System Software
  • Handle special needs
  • Perform secondary chores
  • Do not need to be memory resident

57
Functions of Utility programs
  • File manager provide access to lists of stored
    files
  • Backup and Restore make duplicate copies of
    important files and return the copy to the hard
    drive if needed
  • File compression reduces the amount of disk
    space required by a file
  • Disk defragmenter reorganize files so they are
    stored contiguously on disk providing for faster
    access
  • Device drivers convert operating system
    instructions into commands that are known to a
    specific device

58
Are all operating systems the same?
  • Features and functions.
  • Advantages and benefits.

From Personal Computers to Mainframes?
59
Summary
Operating systems are the foundation of a
computer operation.
Operating systems benefits include better
resource utilization, better system performance,
gains in cost-effectiveness and better overall
management of the entire system.
Without operating systems with advanced features
and functions, computing would still be in its
very early stages.
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com