The Renaissance 1500s1700

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The Renaissance1500s-1700

• French for Rebirth
• Began in Florence, Italy in the mid 1400s as a
  cultural movement and spread to the rest of
  Europe.

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Theme

• Do What You Will
• Humanists rejected organized and disciplined
  scholasticism of middle ages which decided by
  authority and not by experience.
• By mid 15th Century humanism encompassed
• Grammar, rhetoric, moral philosophy, poetry and
  history

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Humanism

• Commitment to the idea that ancient Greece
  represented the best of human achievement and
  should be used as a model for Europeans
• A method of learning. Used reasoning and
  empirical evidence (observation and experiment
  instead of theory)
• Advocated the genius of man and the ability of
  the human mind.

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Art Development of a highly realistic linear
perspective

• Trend realism
• Desire depict beauty of nature

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Leonardo da Vinci
1452-1519 Archetype of the Renaissance man
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• The sense of overall harmony is achieved in the
  sitter's faint smile This reflects Leonardo's
  idea of the cosmic link connecting humanity and
  nature.
• The Mona Lisa has no visible facial hair at all
  - including eyebrows and eyelashes.
• The painting has been restored numerous times
  X-ray examinations have shown that there are
  three versions of the Mona Lisa hidden under the
  present one.
• The backing is beginning to show signs of
  deterioration at a higher rate than previously
  thought,

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Multi-talented A real Renaissance Man .
-Notebooks reveal a mind ahead of his
time. -Drawings of helicopters, solar power and
double hull. -Scientific diagrams
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Vitruve Luc Viatour.

• Proportions of Man

Shows interest in blending art and science during
the Renaissance. Also relates man to nature. He
believed the workings of the body were an analogy
for the workings of the universe.
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In the Renaissance Old theories fell, replaced by
new insight and scientific examination

• William Harvey Circulation of blood

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Nicolaus Copernicus1473-1543

• Father of modern astronomy
• He also said the earth turned on its axis once a
  day and he doubted the earth lay in the middle of
  the universe. He claimed that the sun was the
  center of the universe and all the planets
  revolved around the sun.

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Rene Descartes1569-1650

• Respected philosopher, scientist and
  mathematician.
• He claimed that the world was created by God and
  that it was made of two substances matter and
  spirit. Matter was the physical universe and
  spirit was the human mind.

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Galileo Galilei1546-1642

• The Father of modern physics
• The motion of uniformly accelerated objects
• A body moving on a level surface will continue
  in the same direction at constant speed unless
  disturbed."
• Discovered four moons of Jupiter
• Advocated the Copernican theory that earth moves
  and the sun stands still rather than the idea
  that the earth was the central object in the
  galaxy around which the sun rose and set.

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Galileo was ordered to stand trial on suspicion
of heresy in 1633.
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House Arrest

• Sentenced to house arrest where he remained until
  his death in 1642.
• (about 11 years)

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Age of Exploration

• Prince Henry landed in Africa
• Vasco de Gama found route from Europe to India
  in 1498 after leaving Lisbon in July 1497.

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Magellan sailed around the world 1519-1522(one
of his ships made it home 16 months after his
death)
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Secularization of English Society

• Began at end of middle ages
• Reinforced when Henry Vlll broke from the
  catholic church (1534)

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Reigned1509-1547
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Queen ElizabethDaughter of Henrys 2nd wife

• Anne Boleyn
• She married Henry in 1533 and bore him Elizabeth
  who was later to become Queen Elizabeth I. When
  Anne miscarried a second child Henry accused her
  of witchcraft and had her beheaded at the Tower
  of London for adultery and incest.

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1533-1603

• Ruled England for 45 years
• She established the Protestant Church

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Elizabethan Drama

• Influences from Roman theater
• Revenge-obsessed character
• Onstage violence
• Supernatural beings
• Borrowed plot lines from Roman history

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Episodic structure of Medieval theater also
borrowed

• Includes a number of characters
• Series of scenes ranging through time
• From place to place

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The soliloquy

• Actor speaking alone on stage
• Expresses true feelings and thoughts of character
• Hamlet To be or not to be
• Juliets night soliloquy

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Characters

• -Featured heroes and heroines of royalty or
  nobility in tragedies
• -Lower-class characters in comedies
• -but often mixed the two social groups
• -comic scenes in tragedies

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Shakespeare

• Appeared on the scene in 1590
• Fused all elements together (including dramatic
  verse)

1546-1616
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Monarchy controlled

• Number of companies restricted by law
• 1572 ordinance all companies had to be sponsored
  by nobleman no lower than baron.
• Theaters had to be licensed
• For performing for patrons companies received
  money, small allowances for costumes and legal
  protection

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Theater Companies named after Patrons

• Lord Chamberlains Men
• (the company in which Shakespeare was a member)

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Elizabethan Companies

• 25 members (approximately)
• Shareholders received of troupes profit as
  payment for services
• Hirelings were actors contracted for a specific
  period of time for salary. Played minor roles
• Apprentices provided with room, board and
  experience

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Householders

• Owners of the theaters were also organizers of
  the companies
• Star members were given part ownership in the
  theaters as an inducement to stay in organization

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Famous actors of the time

• Richard Burbage Leading actor in the Lord
  Chamberlains Men
• His brother Cuthbert Burbage built the Globe
  Theater
• Will Kemp leading comic actor

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James Burbage

• Father of Cuthbert and Richard Burbage
• James built the first theater called The Theater
• After the lease on the land expired his sons
  dismantled the theater and rebuilt it as the
  Globe Theater

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• ? The crest and motto of the Globe Theatre Above
  the main entrance of the Globe was a crest
  displaying Hercules bearing the globe on his
  shoulders together with the motto "Totus mundus
  agit histrionem" (the whole world is a
  playhouse). This phrase was slightly re-worded in
  the William Shakespeare play As You Like It -
  "All the worlds a stage".

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The Pit

• ? The Pit, the Yard, the Galleries - The Pit, or
  yard, was the area located around the stage.
  There was no seating - the cheapest part of the
  Globe Theater and the audience had to stand. The
  stage structure projected halfway into the ' yard
  ' where the commoners (groundlings) paid 1 penny
  to stand to watch the play. They would have
  crowded around the 3 sides of the stage structure.

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1500-3000 people
Trumpeter
Tiring house
The Pit 1 p
5 ft. off ground