A Few Words about Focus Group

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A Few Words about Focus Group

• You will need to read about the topic that you
  have been assigned
• Quality and Quantity of Participation in the
  focus group will be noted/recorded
• Participation is 20 Report is only 10
• The Report There will be a list of questions
  available to assist you in answering the
  questions, expressing your thoughts and
  documenting other peoples views

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Theory of Knowledge Creation The SECI Model and
the Concept of Ba
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Readings

• Nonaka, I. (1991). "The Knowledge-Creating
  Company", Harvard Business Review,
  (November-December) 96-104.
• Nonaka, I. (1994). A Dynamic Theory of
  Organizational Knowledge Creation", Organization
  Science, (5) 14-37.
• Nonaka, I. And Konno, N. (1998). "The Concept of
  Ba Building a Foundation for Knowledge
  Creation", California Management Review, Spring,
  40(3) 40-54.

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Two Types of Knowledge
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Tacit Knowledge and Explicit Knowledge
operate together in a Stereo Effect...
Every form of knowledge has an explicit and a
tacit component that are holistically
combined, and partly inseparable. Effective
knowledge management must manage both
together, and manage each in its own way.
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Two Dimensions of K Creation
Explicit K
Tacit K
Inter-Organization
Individual
Group
Org K Level
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The SECI Process

• Socialization (From Tacit to Tacit)
• The process of acquiring knowledge/information
  through direct interaction with suppliers or
  customers (Capturing tacit knowledge by walking
  around outside the company)
• The process of acquiring knowledge and
  information by accessing actual job sites and
  collect latest information (Capturing tacit
  knowledge by walking inside the company)
• The process of transferring ones idea directly
  to another person) (Disseminating tacit
  knowledge)

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SECI Process (Contd)

• Externalization (From Tacit to Explicit)
• The process of expressing ones ideas or images
  in words, concepts, or forms by dialogue, using
  metaphors/analogy (Articulating tacit knowledge)
• The process of translating tacit knowledge of
  customers or experts into readily understandable
  form (translating knowledge of customers into
  readily understandable form)

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SECI Process (Contd)

• Combination (From Explicit to Explicit)
• The process of collecting externalized (public
  data) from inside and outside the company and
  combine them (capturing and integrating new
  explicit knowledge)
• The process of transferring explicit knowledge by
  using presentations or meetings (Disseminating
  explicit knowledge)
• The process of editing or processing explicit
  knowledge to make it more usable (Editing
  knowledge such as reports documents and tactics)

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SECI Process (Contd)

• Internalization (From Explicit to Tacit)
• The process of internalizing explicit knowledge
  (on-the-job-training) in order to actualize
  concepts or methods about strategy, tactics, and
  innovation (embodying explicit knowledge through
  action and practice)
• The process of learning new concepts or methods
  in virtual situations (Embodying explicit
  knowledge by using simulations or experiments)

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Four Modes of Knowledge Conversion (SECI)
Tacit
Tacit
to
Explicit
Tacit
from
Explicit
Tacit
Explicit
Explicit
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Enabling Conditions for K Creation

• Intention Organizations aspiration to its
  goals
• What is the Knowledge strategy? How do you
  develop organization capability to create,
  organize, accumulate knowledge?
• Autonomy Allow individuals to act as freely as
  possible to bring out innovation and new
  knowledge
• Fluctuation and Creative Chaos Stimulates the
  interaction between the organization and the
  external environment
• Fluctuation brings break-down in routines, habits
  or cognitive frameworks.periodic breakdowns is
  good for individuals and organizations
• Chaos is generated naturally when the
  organization faces a real crisis

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Enabling Conditions for K Creation (Contd)

• Redundancy It is Not Necessarily BAD
• It brings out TACIT knowledge
• Sharing redundant information speeds up the
  knowledge creation process
• Multiple groups doing same task/Strategic
  rotation
• Requisite Variety
• Internal variety must match external complexity
  of the environment
• Varity can be enhanced by combining information
  differently, flexibly, and quickly, and by
  providing equal access to information

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Five-Phase Model of Org K-Creation

• Sharing Tacit K
• Trust, common language, use of metaphors,
  face-to-face meetings to establish shared mental
  model
• Creating Concepts
• Once a shared mental model is established,
  through continuous dialogue, the shared mental
  model is verbalized into words and eventually
  explicit K
• Justifying Concepts
• Involves process of determining whether it is
  truly worthwhile
• Building an Archetype
• Converting into something tangible (prototype and
  model operating mechanism)
• Build by combining explicit K and Explicit K
• Cross-leveling of K
• Continuous process (autonomy)

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The Concept of Ba

• Ba is translated in English as place
• Ba is a context which harbors meaning
• Ba can be seen as shared space that serves as a
  foundation for K creation
• Ba offer platforms for specific steps in the
  knowledge creation process
• K is embedded in Ba when K is separated from Ba,
  it becomes information

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The Concept of Ba

• Ba is a place where one shares a context with
  others to create meanings..the context can be
  physical, virtual and mental
• Types of Ba
• Originating Ba (Socialization phase)
• Interacting Ba (Externalization Phase)
• Cyber Ba (Combination Phase)
• Exercising Ba (Internalization Phase)

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Ba Organic Ground for Knowledge Creation

• K is manageable only if leaders embrace and
  foster the dynamics of K creation
• The role of top management is to provide Ba for K
  creation
• The success of K creation depends on managements
  assumption of responsibility, justification,
  financial backing and caring
• K needs to be nurtured, supported, enhanced and
  cared for

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Four Types of BA
Tacit
Tacit
to
Explicit
Tacit
from
Explicit
Tacit
Explicit
Explicit
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What Should Managers Do?

• Provide Knowledge Vision
• Where are we going from here?
• Develop and Redefine Knowledge Assets
• What we have and what to create
• Build, Maintain, Energize and Connect Ba
• Select suitable participants
• Lead Knowledge Creation and Utilization (SECI)
  Process
• Initiate KM activities