Chapter 2: Technology Infrastructure: The Internet and the World Wide Web

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Chapter 2Technology Infrastructure The
Internet and the World Wide Web
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The Internet and the World Wide Web

• Growth

• Computer network
• Any technology that allows people to connect
  computers to each other
• The Internet
• A large system of interconnected computer
  networks spanning the globe
• World Wide Web
• A subset of computers on the Internet

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The Internet

• Internet
• Interconnected network of thousands of networks
  and millions of computers
• World Wide Web (WWW)
• Provides access to over one billion Web pages
• Key concepts
• Packet switching
• TCP/IP
• Client Server Computing

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The Internet Key Technology Concepts

• Packet switching
• slices digital messages into packets
• sends packets along different communication paths
  reassembles packets once at their destination
• Routers
• Special-purpose computers that interconnect the
  computer networks that make up the Internet
• Routing algorithm
• Computer program that ensures packets take the
  best available path toward their destination

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The Internet Key Technology Concepts

• Protocol
• A set of rules for formatting, ordering,
  compressing, and error checking messages
• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
• establishes the connections among sending and
  receiving Web computers,
• handles the assembly of packets at point of
  transmission, reassembly at receiving end
• IP (Internet Protocol)
• provides the Internets addressing scheme

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IP Addresses

• Internet addresses expressed as 32-bit numbers
  appear as 201.61.186.227 -- each of the four
  numbers range from 0 to 255 allowing for up to 4
  billion addresses
• In the next generation IP 128-bit addresses will
  allow about one quadtrillion addresses

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Domain Names

• A domain name is a set of words assigned to a
  specific IP address
• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
  Numbers (ICANN)
• Responsible for managing domain names and
  coordinating them with IP address registrars

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Client/Server Computing

• Client/server
• Computing model where powerful personal computers
  are connected together in a network with one or
  more servers.
• Client
• Powerful personal computer that is part of a
  network. Capable of displaying rich graphics,
  storing large files, and processing graphics and
  sound files.
• Server
• Networked computer dedicated to common functions
  needed by client machines -- storing files,
  software applications, utility programs, and
  printers.

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Internet I Network Architecture

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Internet NAPS and MAES

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ISP Service Level Choices

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Internet II Technology Environment

• A consortium of more than 180 universities,
  government agencies, and private businesses that
  are collaborating to find ways to make the
  Internet more efficient
• Goals
• Create a leading edge network capability for the
  national research community.
• Enable revolutionary Internet applications.
• Ensure the rapid transfer of new network services
  and applications to the broader Internet
  community.

• Next Generation Internet (NGI)
• initiated and sponsored by the federal government
• Focus developing advanced applications and
  networking capabilities needed by government
  agencies
• Fiber Optics and Bandwidth Explosion
• replacing older transmission lines with
  fiber-optic cable
• improving fiber-optic-based communications
  technology fiber-optic switching speeds

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Bandwidth Demand of Various Web Applications

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Wireless Web and 3G Technologies

• General Packet Radio Switching
• next generation technology carries data in
  packets, just like the Internet, but over radio
  frequencies that make wireless communications
  possible
• Wireless Application Protocol
• relatively new protocol -- supports virtually any
  wireless network and is supported by every
  operating system
• Wireless Markup Language
• programming language for devices using WAP

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Markup Languages and the Web
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Individual Exercise

• Search XML Overview using Google
• Click on the first reference XML Tutorial
  Overview
• Click on the first reference HTML and XML
• Browse through the presentation
• What are attributes of HTML?
• What are attributes of XML?
• How do they differ?
• What benefits does XML provide?

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Internet II and E-commerce Emerging Features and
Services

• IP Telephony
• Uses VOIP Internets packet-switched network to
  transmit voice other forms of audio
  communication
• Digital Libraries
• ASP distributes application software, multimedia,
  and other services on a fee basis by
• Distributed Storage
• ASPs can assist both in processing data, storing
  it, dispersing it to multiple servers

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Internet II and E-commerce Emerging Features and
Services

• Distance Learning
• one the biggest education initiatives in recent
  years, provides courses and degree programs
  online
• Digital Video
• deliver better-than-broadcast quality video over
  the Internet on demand
• Video Teleconferencing
• significantly reduce the cost, workers share
  information that involves either and image or
  audio component

• Tele-immersion
• Merges virtual reality and video conferencing --
  participants can see each other and collaborate
  on visual projects
• M-commerce Applications
• combines voice, data, images, audio, and video on
  one wireless device

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Exercise For your groups topic, research the
topic and present a brief overview of the key
issues concerning the topic that you found

• Distance Learning
• one the biggest education initiatives in recent
  years, provides courses and degree programs
  online
• Digital Video deliver better-than-broadcast
  quality video over the Internet on demand
• Video Teleconferencing
• significantly reduce the cost, workers share
  information that involves either and image or
  audio component

• Tele-immersion
• Merges virtual reality and video conferencing --
  participants can see each other and collaborate
  on visual projects
• M-commerce Applications
• combines voice, data, images, audio, and video on
  one wireless device