Information Technology For Management 5th Edition

1
Chapter 6
Functional Information Systems, Transaction
Processing, and Integration

• Information Technology For Management 5th Edition
• Turban, Leidner McLean, Wetherbe
• Lecture Slides by A. Lekacos,
• Stony Brook University
• John Wiley Sons, Inc.

2
Learning Objectives

• ?????????????????????????? ? ????????????????????
  (functional areas) ?????????????????????
  (business processes) ??????????????????? (Value
  chain)
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????
  (transaction processing system (TPS)) ?????????
  IT ??????????????
• ???????????? IT ??? Web ?????????????????????
  (accounting) ??????????(finance)
• ???????????? IT ??? Web ??????????????????????????
  ??????
• ???????????? IT ??? Web ??????????????????????????
  ??????/????????????? (production / operations
  management) ??????????????? (logistic)
• ???????????? IT ??? Web ??????????????????????????
  ??????????????????? (human resources management)
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????? ? ????????????????????????????
  (integrating functional information systems)

3
Wireless Inventory Management System At
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (1)

• The Business Problem
• Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (DHMC) ????
  Medical complex ???????? ?? New Hampshire
  ??????????????? ?????????????????????????????????
  
• DHMC ???????????????????????? ????????????????????
  ????????????? ????????? ??????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ???????????? DHMC
  ?????????? ?????? ????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????? ?????????????
  ???????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????
  ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????????
  ?????????????? ???????????? ???????????????
  ??????? ??????????????????? ??????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????

4
Wireless Inventory Management System At
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (2)

• ????????????????? ???????????????? Staff ??
  ????????????????????????? ???? DHMC
  ???????????????????????????????
• ?????????? ???????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
  ???? ????????????????????????????????????????
  27,000 ??????

5
Wireless Inventory Management System At
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (3)

• The IT Solution
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?? (Supply Chain) ???????? ??????? DHMC
  ??????????? IT ?????????????????????
• ???????????????? DHMC ??? ????????????????????????
  ????????? (Wireless handheld devices)
  ?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????
• ???????????????????????????? wireless LAN (Wi-Fi)
  ??????????????? Handheld device ???
  ????????????????? ? ????????? Upload ????
  Download ??????? Handheld device ??? Network ???
  ????????????????? Wi-Fi ??? ??????????????????????
  ??PC???
• DHMC ?????????? par level (?????????????????????
  ????????????????????????) ??????
  ????????????????????? par level
  ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????? ???staff
  ???????????????????????

6
Wireless Inventory Management System At
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (4)

• ?????????????? ?????????????? scan
  ??????????????????????????????? ?????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????? par level ????? ?????
  ????????????????? ????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????
• ?????????? ???????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????? ????? stations par
  level ????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????? ????? ?????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????? restock ?????? ???????????????????

7
Wireless Inventory Management System At
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (5)

• The Results
• ????????????????????? 50 ????????????????????????
  ??????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????
  ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
  ????? ????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???? ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????
• Lessons learned from this case
• ??????????????????????? 246

8
6.1) ???????????????????????? (Functional
Information Systems)

• ???????????????????????? (Functional information
  systems) ?????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????? ????????????????? ??????????
  ??????????????? ?????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????? function area ????
  ????????????? ????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????? ???? ???????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????? (across
  department) ??????????????????????????????????????
  ??
• ????????????(Interfacing) Functional information
  systems ????????????????????? ??????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????? ??????????????? ???????????
  ??????????????????

Enterprise Wide Environment All business units.
9
Functional Systems for Managers Management
Information Systems

• ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????? ????? ???
• ??????????????????????? (function- specific)
• ????????????????????????? (function- general)
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????? ????????? ?????????????????
  (management information systems (MISs))

10
The Functional Areas, TPS, CRM and Integration
connection
????? Functional Area
11
Management Information System (MIS)

• MIS ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  (?????????????????? ???? ??? ????????
  ???????)????????????????????????????????????(funct
  ional area ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????)
  ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????
  ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????????????
• ????????????????? ????? business transaction
  (???? ?????????????????????????????????? ???
  ?????????????? ?????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????? ???????) ????????????? MIS
  (??????????????????????????????? ?
  ??????????????????????? ???? (Transaction Process
  System TPS) ????????????? function area
  ????????????? ????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????)

12
MIS
????????????????
????
13
MIS Reports

• MIS ????????????? (report) ?????????????????????
  function area ???? ? ???? ???????????????????????
  ???
• 1) Routine Scheduled Reports ?????????????????????
  ?????????????????????? ???? ??????????????????????
  ? ???? ???????????????????????????????????? ????
  ??????????????????????????????? ????
  ?????????????????? ???????
• 2) Ad-hoc (on- demand) reports
  ???????????????????????????? (Nonroutine reports)
• Drill- down report ??????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????? ??????????????
  (?????????????????????????????????????)

14
An MIS produces routine, ad-hoc (on-demand) and
exception report

• Key- indicator reports ???????????????????????????
  ????????????????????? ??????????? ? (critical
  activities)
• Comparative reports ??????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????? ??? ????
  ??????????????????
• 3) Exception report ??????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????? ??????????????? ????
  ?????????????????????????? 5 ????????????????????
  ????????? ????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????? 1 ???????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????? 5 ??? 1 ??????????? ??? ??????????????
  MIS ???????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????? 5 ??????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????

15
Information systems for Specific Functional Area

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????? (function-specific) ???????????????
  function-specific systems ???????????????????????
  ? ??????????????????????? function area
  ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???
  ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ????????????????????
  ?????????????????????? ???????
• ???????????? ?????????????????????????????????????
  ????????? ??????????? ???????????????
  ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????
  ??????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????
  ?????????????????????? ???? ?????????????? ???
  ?????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????
  ??????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????? ?????? (Value)
  ??????????????? ??????????????????????????? Value
  chain

16
Functional Areas ??????????????
Function Specific System
Functional Area

• A/R
• A/P
• Payroll
• General Ledger

• Compensation
• Vacation
• Skills/Training

• Receiving
• Fulfillment
• Process control
• Purchasing

• Cash Management
• Asset Management
• Budgeting

• Retail Pricing
• Sales Promotions
• Sales Force Management.
• Customer Loyalty
• Interactive Marketing

• Order Taking
• CRM
• Self-service

17
Functional Areas Value Chain Perspective

• Value chain model ????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????? primary activities (??????? flow
  of goods ??? services) ??? secondary (???????????
  primary activities) ??????? ?????????????????????
  ?????????????????????

18
Major characteristic of functional information
systems

• ??????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?? ?????????????????????? ?????????????? function
  area ??????
• ?????????????? IS ????????????????? function area
  ??? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????? ????
  ???????????????????? ????????????? ????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????? ????????????
• ????????????????? (Interfacing)
  ????????????????????? organizationwide
  information system ???? ??????????????????????????
  ?????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????
  Operational, Managerial ??? Strategic

19
6.2 Transaction Processing Information Systems
(TPS)

• TPS ??? ????????????????????????????????????????
  (routine) ?????????????????? ?????????????????????
  (core business transactions)
• ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????
  (business transactions) ?????????
  ??????????????????? (transaction)
  ?????????????????????????? ?????????? ????????
  ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????
  ????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  

20
Service Request
Service Contract
Schedule
The flow of information in a typical TPS
transaction, such as a customer purchase or
receiving inventory.
Print Routing Sheet
Print Work Orders
You may assign
Perform Service
Accounting verifies and posts Work Order
You can then mail an invoice
21

• Transaction processing system ??????????
• ????????? (Monitor)
• ????????? (Collect)
• ?????????? (Store)
• ??????????? (Process)
• ????????????????? (Disseminates information)
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  core business transactions.
• ????????????????? ??????????????? TPS ???
  ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????

22
Objectives of a TPS

• ???????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????? ???? ????????? ??????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????? (concurrent operations)
• ???????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????? (downtime)
  ?????????????????????????????????? ???
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???
• ??????????????????????????????? IT ???????????
  ????????????? e-payment, e-procurement ???
  e-marketing.

23
The Major Characteristics of a TPS (1)
24
The Major Characteristics of a TPS (2)
25
Activities and Methods of TPSs

• ?????????????????????????? ???? ???????????????
  ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
  (input device) ??????????????????????????????????
  ? ??? ???????????????????????????????? ??? batch
  ???? online processing.
• Batch processing ????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????? ??
• Online processing ???????????????????????????????
  ???????????????

26
The flow of information in TPS
27
WebBased and Online TPS

• ?? online transaction processing (OLTP) ???????
  ????????????????????? ???????? ??????????? online
  ??????????????????? ????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????? ????????? ????????????????????
  ????????????????????? ??? ????????????????????????
  ?? ????? ????????????????????????????????? (real
  time)
• ??????? OLTP ????????????? Web Technologies
  ???????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????
• ??????????????? IT at Work 6.1 Modernizing the
  TPS cuts delivery time and saves money, page 252

28
Web-based interactive transaction processing

• Interactive Internet TPS ??????????? OLTP
  ?????????????????? enhanced real time transaction
  processing ?? Internet ???? intranets ?????
  Multi-store chains ???????????????????????????????
  ?????????? ??????????????? in-store processors.

29
Typical Tasks in Transaction Processing

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????? ???? ??????????????????????????????
• Order Processing
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????? ??? ?????????????????
  ?????? ???? Fax ???? ?????????????????????
  ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
  ??? (order processing system) ??
  ?????????????????? ???????????????
  ??????????????????????????????? ?????? ???
  ???????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????? ???????????????????
  ??????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????
  ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????
  ????????????????
• ??????????????? IT at Work 6.2 Automatic Vehicle
  Location and Dispatch System in Singapore, page
  254

30
Automatic Vehicle Location and Dispatch System in
Singapore
31
TPS Typical Transaction Processing (Order)
32
Typical TPS Activities (1)
33
Typical TPS Activities (2)
34
??????????????? TPS
35
Transaction Processing Software

• ?????????????????? TPS ???????????????????
  ????????????? Internet Transaction ???????
• ??????????? TPS Software ?????????????????????????
  ??? ???????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????
  ????????????????? Transaction Processing
  Performance Council (tpc.org) ????????????????????
  ???????????????? ??? TPS Software
  ?????????????????????????????????????? TPS
  ??????????????????????

36
6.3 Managing production/ operations and logistics

• Production and operation management (POM)
  function ??? ????????????? ?????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????? ????????????????????????????? ?
  ???????????????????????????? IT ?????????? 4
  ??????????? ???
• 1) ??????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????? (Inventory management)
  ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????? ????????????????????????
• ?) ??????????????????????
• ?) ?????????????????????
• ??????????????? (Quality Control)
  ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????
  ?????????? ?????????????????

37
IPO (Input Process Output)

• ????????????????????????????????????? ??? IPO
  ???? Input (????????????????????
  ????????????????) Process (???????????????????????
  ??? (?????????????????? ??) ???????????????
  Output (???????????????????????????????????)

38
Managing Production/Operations Logistics
39

• 2) ????????????????????????????? (Planning
  production and operations)
• ?) Material requirement planning (MRP)
  ????????????????????????????????? ???????
  ?????????????????????????????? ??????????????
• ?) Manufacturing resource planning (MRPII)
  ???????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????? ?????????? ????? ???
  ??????????????????????? ???????????????
  ??????????????
• ?) Just-in-time systems ?????????????????????????
  (?????????????????????????????) ???????????????
  ???? ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????? (?????? ???????????????????????????)

40

• ?) ?????????????????????? (Project Management)
  ???????????? ? ??? ???????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????? ? ????
  ??????????????????? ??????????????????????????????
  ????????????? ????????????????????????????????
  program evaluation and review technique (PERT)
  ??? critical path method (CPM) ???????????????????
  ????????? milestones, resources, costs, ???????
• ?) ??????????? (Trouble shooting)
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????
• ?) ??????????? ? ???? ????????????????????????????
  ?? (Warehouse management software)

41

• 3) Computer-integrated manufacturing
• Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM).
  ???????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????? ???? CAD, CAM, MRP ??? JIT
  ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????
  ? ????????????????
• CIM Model ????????????????????? ?????????? CIM
  enterprise wheel ??? Technical Council of the
  Society of Manufacturing Engineers
• ????????????????? general business management
• ?????? (????) ?????????? ??????? 4 ?????????????
  ?????? 1) Product and Process Definition 2)
  Manufacturing planning and control 3) Factory
  Automation 4) Information Resource Management
  Communication

42
The CIM model
43

• 4) ?????????????????????????????????? (Product
  lifecycle management (PLM))
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????? ??? ????????????????????
  ?????????????????????? web-based
• ????????????????? Web-based PLM product ??? PTC
  Crop ?????????????????????

44
How product life cycle management works?
45
6.4 Managing marketing and sales systems

• ????????? IT ?????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????? ????? ?????????????????????????
  ??? ?????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????? ?? ??????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????? ????
  ???????????? ????????? Channel
• Channel systems ??????? ??????????????????????????
  ??????????????????? ???? ????????????????? ???
  ??????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????

46
Marketing Channel Systems
47
Customer relations The Customer is King /Queen
(1)

• ??????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????
  ?????????????????????????? ???????????
  ??????????? ??????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????
• ?) Customer profile ??? preference analysis
  ??????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????????
• ?) Prospective customer lists ??? marketing
  Databases ?????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????? IT
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????
• ?) Mass customization ????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????? ?????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??? (????????????????????)
• ??????????????? ???????? 6.3 ??? IT at Work 6.3
  Build Your Jaguar Online, page 264

48
Customer relations The Customer is King /Queen
(2)

• ?) Personalization ???????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??? ???? ????????????????????
• ?) Advertising and promotions ????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????? ????
  ????????????????????????? ?????????????????
  internet

49
Distribution channels and In-store innovations

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?? IT ????????????????? ??? ????
• ?) New IT-support distribution channel
  ?????????????????????????? internet
• ?) Improve Shopping and Checkout at Retail Store
  ??? IT ??????????????????????? ???????????????????
  
• ??????????????????? 264-265 ????????????????????
  ? ????????????? ????
• Hand-held wireless devices that scan the bar code
  UPC
• Smart card or credit card
• Information kiosk enable customers to view
  catalogs in stores
• Self-checkout machines

50

• Check-writers attached to cash registers
• Computerization of various activities in retail
  stores
• Video-based systems count and track shoppers in a
  physical store
• ?) Distribution Channels Management
  ??????????????????????????????? ???? ???????
  ????????? ???????? ???????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
  ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
  ??

51
Marketing Management

• ???????????????????????????????????????? ??????
• ?) ??????????????????????????????????
• ?) ??????????????????????????? (Salesperson
  productivity)
• sales force automation
• sales productivity software
• ?) ??????????????? (Profitability analysis)
• ?) ????????????????????????? (Sales Analysis and
  trends)
• ?) ??????????????????????????????????????? ???
  ???????
• ??????????????? IT at Work 6.4 Internet market
  research expedites time-to-market at Procter
  Gamble
• ?) Web-based systems in marketing

52
6.5 Managing The Accounting and Finance Systems
(1)

• ??????????? (Accounting) ??? ????????? (finance)
  ??????????????? inflows ??? outflow
  ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????
  ?? ????????????? ???????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????? payroll, billing,
  cash management, ??????? ????????? ?????????????
  4 ??????????
• 1) Financial Planning and Budgeting
• Financial and Economic Forecasting
• Planning for Incoming Funds
• Budgeting
• Capital Budgeting

53
Managing The Accounting and Finance Systems
54
Managing The Accounting and Finance Systems (2)

• 2) Managing Financial Transactions
• Financial and Economic Forecasting
• Planning for Incoming Funds
• Budgeting
• Capital Budgeting
• 3) Investment Management
• Access to Finance and Electronic Reports
• Finance Analysis
• ???????????????????????

55
Managing The Accounting and Finance Systems (3)

• 4) Control and Auditing
• Budgetary Control
• Auditing
• Finance Ratio Analysis
• Product Pricing
• Contract Management
• Profitability Analysis and Cost Control

56
TPS Accounting and Finance Systems
57
1) Financial planning and budgeting

• ?) ??????????????????????????????????????
  (Financial and economic forecasting)
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????
  ????????????
• ?) ??????????????????????????????? (Planning for
  Incoming Funds) ????????????????? ?????????
  ???????????????????????????? Decision support and
  Expert System
• ?) ????????????? (Budgeting) ???
  ????????????????????(????????????????????)???
  ???????????????????? ???????????
  ?????????????????????????????????
• ?) ??????????????????? (Capital budgeting)
  ??????? ????????????????????????????? ?????? ????
  net book value (NPY), internal rate of return
  (IRR) ??????? ???????????? ??????? Excel ????????
  ???? ????????????????

58
2) Managing financial transactions

• ?????????????????????????? ??????
• ?) ?????????????????? E-commerce ??? financial
  transactions
• Global stock exchange (?????????? stock ???
  online 24 ???????)
• Handling multiple currencies (????????????????????
  ???????????????????)
• E-bonds (???????????????????????????????????)
• Online Factoring (????????????????/???????????????
  ? online)
• Electronic Bill Presentation and Payments
  (???????????????/???????????)
• Electronic Re-presentment of Checks (??????????
  Check ????????????????)
• ?) Virtual close ??????? ?????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????
• ?) Expense Management Automation (EMA)
  ???????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????? ????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????

59
3) Investment Management

• ??????????????? Matlab manages equity portfolios
  at Daiwa Securities, page 274
• ?????????????? IT ????????? Investment Management
  ????????????????????
• ?) ?????????????????? ??????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????? ? ????????????
• Internet search engine ???????????????????????????
  ??????????????????
• Internet directories ??? yellow pages
  ?????????????????????????????????
• Software ?????? monitor, interpreting ???
  analyzing financial data
• ?) ?????????????????????????? (Financial
  analysis)
• Financial Value Chain Management (FVCM)
  ?????????? Financial Analysis ??? Operation
  Analysis ?????????????? ??????????????????????????
  ??????? ???????????

60
4) Control and auditing

• ???????????????????????????? ??????
• ?) ?????????????????????? (Risk Analysis)
• ?) ??????????????????? (Budgetary control)
• ?) ?????????? (Auditing)
• ?) ?????????????????????????????? (Financial
  ratio analysis)
• ?) ???????????????????????????????????
  (Profitability analysis and cost control)
• ?) ???????????????????????????????????????
  (Business performance management (BPM))
• ?) ???????????????? (Product pricing)
• ?) ????????????????????????????? (Contract
  management)

61
6.6 Managing Human Resources Systems

• ??????????? ???????????? HR ??????????????????????
  ????? E-HR ??????????? 6.4 ????????? 277 IT
  ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????
  ???????? 3 ??????????? ???
• 1) Recruitment ????????????????????
  ????????????????????? ???????????????
  ???????????? IT ?????????????????????????? ????
• ?) ?????? web ???????????????????????
• ????????????? IT at Work 6.6Resumix Helps HR
  Recruiters, page 278
• ?) Position inventory
• ?) HRM portals ??? salary surveys.
• ?) Employee Selection

62
Intelligent personnel selection model
Responsible for the workforce
63

• 2) Human Resources Maintenance and Development
• ?) ??????????????????????? (Performance
  evaluation)
• ?) ?????????? ??? ???????????????? (HR
  development)
• 3) Human Resources Planning and Management
• ?) ?????????????????????????????????????? HR
  (Personnel planning and HR strategies)
• ?) ???????????????????????????????
  (Labor-Management Negotiations)
• ?) ???????????????? ??? ??????????????????
  (Payroll and employees records)
• ?) ???????????????????????????????? (Benefit
  administration)
• ?) ???????????????????????????? (Employee
  relationship management)

64
6.7 Integrating Functional Information Systems

• ??????????? ???????????????????????? IT
  ????????????????? Functional Information
  ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
  ? 2 ?????????
• 1) ??????????????????????????? (Approaches to
  integration)
• ????????????? IT at Work 6.7 Web-Based
  Integrated Employees and Customer Portals at
  Europcar ,page 284
• 2) ???????????????????????????? front- office ???
  back-office
• Process-centric integration ?????????????????????
  ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????
  ???????? business- process perspective

65
TPS Enterprise Wide Information Systems
Integration of Cross-Functional Information
Systems tears down barriers between and among
departments corporate headquarters and reduces
duplication of effort.
66
MANAGERIAL ISSUES

• Integration of functional information systems.
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????? ? ?????? ??????????????
  client/server ??????????????? ????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????share
  ??????
• Priority of transaction processing.
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????
  ????? ??????????? top priority ???????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????? ? ???????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????? TPS ??????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????? ?

67
MANAGERIAL ISSUES Continued

• The customer is king/queen.
• ????? IT ????????????? ???????????????????????????
  ????????????? (????????????????????????????????)
  ?????????????????????? ? ?????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????
  cost-benefit analysis ??????????????
• ?????????????????????? (Empowerment customer)
  ????????????????????????????????????????
  (Self-service) ????????????? happy ??????? ????
  ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????????
  Self-service ??????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????
  ???? ?????????????????????????????
• ??? ? ???????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????? CRM ????????

68
MANAGERIAL ISSUES Continued

• Finding innovative applications.
• ?????????????? ? ???? Lotus Notes, corporate
  portals, ??? Web-based business intelligence
  ?????????????????????????????????? ? ??????
  ??????????????????????????????????????
• Using the Web.
• Web-based systems ??????????????? ? functional
  areas ????????????????? ????????? ?????????????
  ????????????????????? ? ??????????????????????????
  ???? web-based ??????
• System integration.
• ?????? functional systems ????????
  ????????????????????????????????? ?
  ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????????
  ???? ??????????????????????? ?????????????? Web
  services ???????????????????? ????????????????????
  ???????????? legacy system.

69
MANAGERIAL ISSUES Continued

• Ethical issues.
• ????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
  ????????????? ????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????? ???? ? ???????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????

70
??????????? 6

• ????? ..