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Anti-Depression Medicine

• Anti depression are medications that can help
  relieve symptoms of depression, social anxiety
  disorder, anxiety disorders, seasonal affective
  disorder and dysthymia, or mild chronic
  depression, as well as other conditions.

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Antidepressants were first developed in the
1950s. Their use has become progressively more
common in the last 20 years.

• According to the Centers for Disease Control and
  Prevention (CDC), the percentage of people aged
  12 years and over using antidepressant in the
  United States rose from 7.7 percent in 1999-2002
  to 12.7 percent in 2011-2014. Around twice as
  many females use antidepressants as males.

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SNRIs and SSRIs

• Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors
  (SNRIs) are used to treat major depression, mood
  disorders, and possibly but less commonly
  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
  obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety
  disorders, menopausal symptoms, fibromyalgia, and
  chronic neuropathic pain.
• SNRIs raise levels of serotonin and
  norepinephrine, two neurotransmitters in the
  brain that play a key role in stabilizing mood.
• Examples include duloxetine (Cymbalta),
  venlafaxine (Effexor) and desvenlafaxine
  (Pristiq).

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• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
• are the most commonly prescribed antidepressants.
  They are effective in treating depression, and
  they have fewer side effects than the other
  antidepressants.
• SSRIs block the reuptake, or absorption, of
  serotonin in the brain. This makes it easier for
  the brain cells to receive and send messages,
  resulting in better and more stable moods.
• They are called selective because they mainly
  seem to affect serotonin, and not the other
  neurotransmitters.

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SSRIs and SNRIs may have the following side
effects

• hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, low
  sodium,nausea,rash,dry mouth,constipation or
  diarrhea, weight loss,sweating,Tremor, Sedation,
  sexual dysfunction, Insomnia, Headache,
  Dizziness, anxiety and agitation, abnormal
  thinking

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Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are so named
because there are three rings in the chemical
structure of these medications. They are used to
treat depression, fibromyalgia, some types of
anxiety, and they can help control chronic pain.

• Examples include amitriptyline (Elavil),
  amoxapine- clomipramine (Anafranil), desipramine
  (Norpramin), doxepin (Sinequan), imipramine
  (Tofranil), nortriptyline (Pamelor),
  protriptyline (Vivactil) and trimipramine
  (Surmontil).

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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

• This type of antidepressant was commonly
  prescribed before the introduction of SSRIs and
  SNRIs.
• It inhibits the action of monoamine oxidase, a
  brain enzyme. Monoamine oxidase helps break down
  neurotransmitters, such as serotonin.
• If less serotonin is broken down, there will be
  more circulating serotonin. In theory, this leads
  to more stabilized moods and less anxiety.
• Doctors now use MAOIs if SSRIs have not worked.
  MAOIs are generally saved for cases where other
  antidepressants have not worked because MAOIs
  interact with several other medications and some
  foods

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Side effects

• Any side effects will likely occur during the
  first 2 weeks, and then gradually wear off.
• Common effects are nausea and anxiety, but this
  will depend on the type of drug used, as
  mentioned above.
• If the side effects are very unpleasant, or if
  they include thinking about suicide, the doctor
  should be informed at once.
• In addition, research has linked the following
  adverse effects with antidepressant use,
  especially among children and adolescents

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Excessive mood elevation and behavior activation
This may include mania or hypomania. It should be
noted that antidepressants do not cause bipolar
disorder, but they may unmask a condition that
has not yet revealed itself.
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Suicidal thoughts
There have been a few reports of a higher risk of
having
suicidal thoughts when first using
antidepressants.
This could be due to the drugs or other factors,
such as the time taken for the medication to
work, or possibly an undiagnosed bipolar disorder
which may require a different approach to
treatment.
The FDA requires that antidepressants carry a
black box warning of this possible effect.
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Uses
These medications are used not only to treat
depression but for other conditions too.
Sometimes a medication is used off-label. This
means the use is not approved by the FDA, but a
doctor may decide that it should be used as it
may be an effective treatment.Off-label uses of
antidepressants includeinsomnia,Pain, migraine
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