Using the Principles of Art

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Using the Principles of Art

• Chapter 6

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The Art and Science of Growing Plants

• Horticulture is referred to the art and science
  of growing plants.
• Landscaping is the segment of Horticulture
  pertaining to the art and science of growing
  plants in an outdoor setting The art of
  landscaping deals with visual art. Which is
  pleasing to the eye.

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The Art and Science of Growing Plants

• Plant Selection process is often the most time
  consuming step in producing a design.
• All the plants must fit well with the other
  elements of the design to make it look
  attractive.
• The major design qualites to consider in
  selecting plants for the landscape are line,
  form, texture, and color.

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The Art and Science of Growing Plants

• What is line?
• So everything in the landscape has line. Whether
  it is natural or artifical.
• Line gives the viewers eye direction and
  movement.
• Lines also create emotional and psychological
  responses form the viewer

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The Art and Science of Growing Plants

• Line Cont..
• Vertical Lines are severe and when used in
  excess causes a feeling of tension and
  nervousness
• Horizontal lines provide relaxing pleasant
  emotional responses

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The Art and Science of Growing Plants

• What is form?
• It is the three demensional shape of the plant.
  Examples of forms or plant shape include
  Columar, Wide -Oval, pyramidal, round, vase
  shaped, and weeping

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Wide-oval

• Much wider than tall
• Often a small tree
• Branches low to the ground
• Works well to frame screen
• A focal point plant

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Wide-oval
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Vase-shaped

• High, wide-spreading branches
• Usually gives excellent shade
• Allows human activity underneath
• Make excellent street trees

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Vase-shaped
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Pyramidal

• Shape is less noticeable as the trees mature
• Accent plant
• Large, high branching trees allow human activity
  beneath

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Pyramidal
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Round

• Width Height are nearly equal
• Usually Dense
• Lawn trees
• Can be to create grove effects
• If large, can be used to create heavy shade

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Round
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Columnar

• Much taller than wide
• Accent Plant
• Frames views structures
• Useful in formal settings

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Columnar
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Weeping

• Very Graceful
• Attracts the eye (focal point)
• Screens
• Not useful if you want to use the lawn underneath
  the tree

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Weeping
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Weeping
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The Art and Science of Growing Plants

• What is Texture?
• It is the appearance of the pant in terms of
  coarseness or fineness, roughness or smoothness,
  heaviness or lightness, denseness or thinness.

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The Art and Science of Growing Plants

• There are some rules of design to keep in mind as
  you consider the texture of plants.
• Monotony results if all the plants in the
  landscape have similar textures. Therefore use
  some variation to add interest.

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The Art and Science of Growing Plants

• What is Color?
• It is the final design quality of plants to
  consider. Color has the greatest visual impact
  of all the design qualities

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The Art and Science of Growing Plants

• Color Cont..
• The colors of visible light are divided into two
  many groups
• Warm Colors
• Cool Colors

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The Art and Science of Growing Plants

• Color Cont..
• Warm colors are
• Yellow
• Orange
• Red
• They appear to be striking, stimulating, and
  cheerful and advances toward the viewer. High
  in visual energy

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The Art and Science of Growing Plants

• Color Cont..
• Cool colors are
• Violet
• Blue
• Green
• They have a low visual energy
• They invoke a feelign of restfullness and
  peacefullness

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The Art and Science of Growing Plants

• The main purpose of using plants in the
  landscape is to provide a natural green setting
  that creates an atmosphere of restfulness

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Principles of Design

• The selection is based on the principles of art
  or design. The principles of design referred to
  in the book include repetition, variety, balance,
  emphasis, sequence, and scale.

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Principles of Design

• What is Repetition?
• Keeping the plants simple by repeating forms,
  texture, and colors of the plants throughout the
  design. The repetition of the design qualities
  of plants contributes to unity in the landscape.

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Principles of Design

• What is Variety?
• This is where you provide variety in the design
  by selecting some plants with different qualities
  of line, form, texture, or color from the mass of
  plants

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Principles of Design

• What is Balance?
• This is where the design is classified as formal
  or informal.
• Formal is where the design is symmetrical and
  has the same plantings on each side of the view

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Principles of Design

• Balance Cont..
• Informal designs are said to be asymmetrical and
  have different plants and different sizes of
  plants on each side of the view

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Principles of Design

• What is Emphasis?
• It indicates dominance of some elements of the
  design over others.

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Principles of Design

• What is Sequence?
• is the uniformity of change from one item in the
  landscape to the next. Changes of at least one
  quality of form, texture, or color form one area
  of the planting to anther gives transition

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Principles of Design

• What is Scale?
• is the proportion of one object to another.
  It also means the relationship of an object with
  a designated standard such as a building or a
  person

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Shrubs

• Multistemmed
• Used as the wall element

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Selecting a Shrub

• Pay attention to
• The silhouette of the shrub
• Its branching structure
• Size
• Texture Density
• Color Contributions

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• Pay attention to
• Attraction to birds other wildlife
• Existing soil conditions
• Hardiness
• Resistance to attacks by insects disease

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Types of Shrubs

• Globular
• Low Creeping
• Spreading
• Arching
• Pyramidal
• Upright Loose
• Columnar

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Globular

• As wide as is tall
• Attracts attention
• Accent plant
• Use with a single pyramidal to create a strong
  eye attraction
• Does not mass very well.

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Globular
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Low Creeping

• Low growing
• Much wider than tall
• Masses well
• Use to edge sidewalks or cascade over walls
• Controls erosion

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Low Creeping
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Spreading

• Wider than tall
• Medium to large shrub
• Masses well
• Use at corners of buildings
• Useful for screening, privacy traffic control

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Spreading
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Arching

• Wider than tall
• Graceful
• Softens corners
• Background for flowers statues
• Provides screening

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Arching
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Pyramidal

• Taller than wide
• Attracts attention
• Usually evergreen
• Use to mark entries

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Pyramidal
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Upright Loose

• Taller than wide
• Used for screening framing
• Used to soften buildings
• Can closely space to create privacy

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Upright Loose
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Columnar

• Width about half of height
• Flat topped dense
• Use for hedges if closely placed
• Mass closely to create a solid wall

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Columnar