Formal Elements Elements of Art Principles of Art

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Formal ElementsElements of ArtPrinciples of Art
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What makes up an art work?

• The Elements of art

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Elements of ArtThe composition of an art
work is made up of the arrangement of the
elements.These are known as the Elements of Art

• Color
• line
• texture
• tone
• shape /form

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COLOUR

• Colour is very expressive and an exciting element
  of art. It appeals strongly to the senses and
  emotions.
• Colour can communicate in all different ways, it
  can be very powerful thing in art work. Art works
  can communicate by colour alone. It can cause
  emotional reactions.

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COLOUR

• Primary colours-yellow, red and blue.
• (colours that can not be made by mixing other
  colours.
• Secondary colours- purple, green and orange
  (colours mixed from a combination of any two
  primary colours)
• Complimentary colours (colours found on the
  opposite on the colour wheel.)

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• Monochromatic colour scheme (uses only one colour
  and tints and shades)
• Harmonious colours- colours that have something
  in common. One colour will be in harmony with
  another.

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Primary coloursLichtenstein
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Secondary colours
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Complementary coloursGauguin
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Monochromatic colour schemeEscher
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Colour Schemes
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Colour schemes
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Complementary colours scheme
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Communicating with colour

• Cool colours go away from you
• Van Gogh

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Van Gogh
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Rothko

• Warm colours come towards you

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Rothko
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Lines

• Line in art may mean a single thin stroke
• It may signify the meeting edge of two areas
• It may refer to the contours as in sculpture
• Line can display strong suggestion of
• Movement
• Line can produce a sense of tranquility

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Line Clement Meadmore
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Linecan create volumeEscher
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Lines can create movement they can move
through an art workEscher
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Lines can create movementBrett Whiteley
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Brett Whiteley
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Brett Whiteley
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Brett Whiteley

• Larger lines in the foreground
• Smaller lines in the back ground give an illusion
  of distances, space and perspective.

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Lines create pattern and shapeJohn Olsen
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Tone

• Tone can be flat or graduated
• Can be created by using shading, line or dots.
• Lines can be used to create tone in hatching or
  cross-hatching
• Dots can be used to create tone.

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Rick Amor
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Tone

• Tone can be subdued
• Strong
• Contrasting
• Rick Amor

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ToneRembrandtHatching and cross-hatching
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Tone

• Dramatic use of tone. Mattia Preti
• Tone used to attract out attention to the most
  important part of the painting
• Spot light shining on the painting

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Texture

• Read or Simulated
• Real texture are the textures that actually exist
  they are what you actually feel
• Simulated textures

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Texture

• Grained
• Rough
• Corrugated
• Smooth
• Furry
• Shiny
• prickly

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TextureVan Gogh
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Texture

• When we actually touch and feel a surface we
  experience real texture
• Real texture the feel of a surface
• Cactus, feathers, scales
• When we look at a photograph or a painting of the
  texture of a surface such as glass or velvet
  leather, we see patterns of light and dark that
  create the effect of texture
• Simulated texture a two dimensional surface that
  imitates real texture, simulated textures copy or
  imitate real textures.

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Simulated textureimitates real textureMax Ernst
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Oldenburgreal texture, the feel of a surface
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Shape / Form

• A shape is an area that is defined in some way by
  a line, an edge, a colour or a texture. If we
  traced around its outline we would have a shape,
  silhouette
• Shapes are flat they have only two dimensions
  height and width
• Shapes can be geometric look as if they were
  made with a ruler.
• Organic irregular, uneven shapes of nature.

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Shape
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Shape / Form

• Forms, like shapes have height and width but they
  also have the third dimension depth. They are
  solid. They have volume and occupy space.
• Two dimension - painting
• Three dimension - a sculpture

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Elements of Art

• These five elements are the primary aspects of
  visual perception. Every artwork can be described
  by reference to these elements.
• For example, a work will have the presence of
  strong lines or absence of line. A work may be
  full of tone or a complete lack of tone.

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Principles of Design These are the nine main
principles of design

• Contrast
• Repetition
• Movement
• Rhythm
• Direction

• Space
• Balance
• Proportion
• Emphasis
• Unity

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Principles of Art

• The artists use the principles to combine the
  elements in a satisfying way.

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Ways to create space

• Divide the picture into the fore-ground, middle
  ground and background
• Strong details is used in the foreground, with
  gradual loss of detail as the image fades into
  the back ground
• Large objects in the fore ground graduating to
  smaller objects in the back ground
• Overlapping of objects give the appearance of
  objects being in front of each other
• Warm colours in the foreground and cool colours
  in the back ground

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DegasSpace
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Balance

• Refers to the distribution of weight in an art
  work so that no one part overpowers another or
  seems heavier that another.
• Artists may choose to create imbalance of a
  particular purpose. Sydney Long

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Proportion

• The relationship between the size of the objects
  within an artwork.
• Eugene von Guerard

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Emphasis

• An artist can create a centre of interest by
  allowing one area of an art work to dominate.
• Picasso

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Contrast Picasso Girl Mirror
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Repetition

• John Brack - Collins St 5pm

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Rhythm

• Richard Mock