The Age of Imperialism, 18501914

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The Age of Imperialism, 18501914
Chapter Overview
Time Line
Imperialists Divide Africa
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SECTION
Patterns of Change Imperialism
2
SECTION
Muslim Lands Fall to Imperialist Demands
3
SECTION
British Imperialism in India
4
SECTION
MAP
Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia
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SECTION
GRAPH
Visual Summary
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The Age of Imperialism, 18501914
Western imperialists, with superior arms and
technology, establish colonies in Asia and
Africa. The Europeans export finished goods to
the colonies and import raw materials and cash
crops. Colonial rule provokes native resistance
movements.
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The Age of Imperialism, 18501914
Time Line
1869 Suez Canal completed.
1850 European trading with Africa
well-established.
1898 United States acquires Philippines, annexes
Hawaii.
1858 Britain establishes direct rule over India.
1884-1885 Berlin Conference sets rules for
African colonization.
1899 Boer War begins in South Africa.
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Imperialists Divide Africa
Key Idea
Western European nations race to divide Africa
among themselves. They draw territorial
boundaries without regard to Africans ethnic,
linguistic, and cultural divisions.
Overview
Assessment
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Imperialists Divide Africa
Overview
imperialism racism Social Darwinism
Berlin Conference 188485 Shaka Boer
Great Trek Boer War
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Ignoring the claims of African ethnic groups,
kingdoms, and city-states, Europeans established
colonial claims.
African nations continue to feel the effects of
the colonial presence of 100 years ago.
Assessment
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Imperialists Divide Africa
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List the four motives that caused the
growth of imperialism during the late 1800s.
economic competition
nationalism
racism
missionary impulse
continued . . .
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Imperialists Divide Africa
1
Section
Assessment
2. What can you infer about the Europeans
attitude toward Africans from the Berlin
Conference? THINK ABOUT
who attended the conference
the outcome of the conference
ANSWER
Because only Europeans attended the conference,
it can be inferred that they felt Africans were
inferior and had no rights and that Europeans
were entitled to divide Africa among themselves.
Possible Response
End of Section 1
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Imperialism
CASE STUDY Nigeria
Key Idea
Europeans use colonies, protectorates, spheres of
influence, economic imperialism, and different
patterns of management to control African
colonies. African resistance movements emerge in
response.
Overview
Assessment
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Imperialism
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CASE STUDY Nigeria
Overview
paternalism assimilation Menelik II
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Europeans embarked on a new phase of
empire-building that affected both Africa and the
rest of the world.
Many former colonies have political problems that
are the result of colonial rule.
Assessment
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Imperialism
CASE STUDY Nigeria
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Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Explain how Europeans controlled and
managed other areas of the world.
Colony, protectorate, sphere of influence,
economic imperialism
Direct control, indirect control
continued . . .
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Imperialism
CASE STUDY Nigeria
2
Section
Assessment
2. Do you think Europeans could have conquered
Africa if the Industrial Revolution had never
occurred? Explain your answer. THINK ABOUT
the limited role of Europeans in Africa until
the late 1800s
what inventions changed Europeans ability to
enter Africa
ANSWER
Inventions from the Industrial Revolution enabled
Europeans to conquer Africa. They reached the
interior using steamboats and railroads.
Telegraphs and telephones gave them rapid
communications. New weapons and quinine to treat
malaria enabled European armies to defeat all
other armies.
Possible Response
End of Section 2
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Muslim Lands Fall to Imperialist Demands
Key Idea
After the death of Suleiman I, European nations
divide the Ottoman Empire. A combined
British-French-Ottoman force defeats the Russians
in the Crimean War, and the British seize the
Suez Canal.
Overview
Assessment
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Muslim Lands Fall to Imperialist Demands
Overview
geopolitics Crimean War Suez Canal
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
European nations expanded their empires by
seizing territories from Muslim states.
Political events in this vital resource area are
still influenced by actions from the
imperialistic period.
Assessment
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Muslim Lands Fall to Imperialist Demands
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Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Record at least three details that
support the following idea Muslim states failed
to keep European imperialists out of their
lands.
Ottoman Empire tries to reform but fails.
Egyptian leaders cannot complete modernization.
Persia falls to economic imperialism.
continued . . .
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Muslim Lands Fall to Imperialist Demands
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Section
Assessment
2. How were the reactions of African and Muslim
rulers to imperialism similar? How were they
different? THINK ABOUT
African and Muslim patterns of resistance
African and Muslim efforts toward
modernization
ANSWER
Both African and Muslim rulers resisted
Europeans. Muslims tried to modernize to resist
Western imperialism, while many Africans simply
signed away their lands. Menelik II was the only
African ruler to remain independent.
Possible Responses
continued . . .
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Muslim Lands Fall to Imperialist Demands
3
Section
Assessment
3. Why did European imperialist powers want to
take over Ottoman Empire lands? THINK ABOUT
the location of the Ottoman Empire
its special resources
European ambitions
ANSWER

• The Ottoman Empire ruled much of North Africa,
  the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. It
  controlled key overland trade routes and sea
  trade on the Mediterranean and on the Atlantic
  Ocean and Black Sea.
• It also contained many important natural
  resources, such as oil. European nations wanted
  to control trade and to obtain greater wealth.

Possible Responses
End of Section 3
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British Imperialism in India
MAP
Key Idea
Britain gradually attains control over India,
establishing the Raj. British rule gives rise to
nationalist feelings and to resistance movements.
Overview
Assessment
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British Imperialism in India
MAP
Overview
sepoy jewel in the crown Sepoy Mutiny
Raj
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
As the Mughal Empire declined, Britain seized
Indian territory until it controlled almost the
whole subcontinent.
India, the second most populated nation in the
world, has its political roots in this colony.
Assessment
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British Imperialism in India
MAP
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Section
Assessment
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. For each cause listed below, write
about its effect.
1. East India Company expanded its colonial
territory.
2. Created resentment and nationalist feelings
among Indians
3. Built support for nationalist groups
continued . . .
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British Imperialism in India
MAP
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Section
Assessment
2. How did imperialism contribute to unity and
the growth of nationalism in India? THINK ABOUT
the benefits of imperialism
the negative effects of imperialism
ANSWER

• Positive effects of imperialismrailroads, roads,
  telephones, telegraph, unified rule improved
  communications and unified many Indians
• Negative effectsracism, economic hardships
  contributed to the growth of nationalism and a
  desire for self-rule

Possible Responses
continued . . .
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British Imperialism in India
MAP
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Section
Assessment
3. How did economic imperialism lead to Indias
becoming a British colony? THINK ABOUT
the role of the British East India Company
the Sepoy Mutiny
ANSWER
The British East India Company had its own
private army to maintain control of its territory
in India. When the Sepoy Mutiny occurred, the
company was unable to regain control. The British
government stepped in, seized control, and
claimed India as a colony of the crown.
Possible Response
End of Section 4
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Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia
GRAPH
Key Idea
Western imperialists, including the United
States, claim lands in the South Pacific,
Southeast Asia, and Hawaiian Islands. Only Siam
remains independent.
Overview
Assessment
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Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia
GRAPH
Overview
Pacific Rim King Mongkut Emilio
Aguinaldo annexation Queen Liliuokalani
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Demand for Asian products drove Western
imperialists to seek possession of Southeast
Asian lands.
Southeast Asian independence struggles in the
20th century have their roots in this period of
imperialism.
Assessment
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Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia
GRAPH
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Section
Assessment

• 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
  thoughts.
• Identify four Western powers and the areas they
  controlled.

Dutch Indonesia
French Indochina
British Malayan Peninsula
United States Hawaii/Philippines
continued . . .
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Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia
GRAPH
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Section
Assessment
2. How did the reforms of the Siamese kings
maintain Siams independence? THINK ABOUT
what was happening to Siams neighbors
the results of the changes
ANSWER
Siams neighbors were dominated or taken over by
European nations. Siam was able to stay
independent because it modernized and could
compete with Europeans. There was little social
turmoil in Siam, and the king was able to stay in
power and resist European demands.
Possible Response
End of Section 5