The Age of Imperialism 18501914

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The Age of Imperialism1850-1914

• Key themes Empire Building, Economics and Power
  and Authority

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The World and Africa in 1900
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Imperialists Divide Africa

• Western European nations raced to divide .Africa
  among themselves. They draw territorial
  boundaries without regard to Africans ethnic,
  linguistic, and cultural divisions

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QUIZ 27.1
5
KEY
Dutch
True
European
support or defend
mineral
Britain
true
Boers
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New Imperialism 1870-1914

• What were the differences between the new
  imperialism and the colonialism of the fifteenth
  through seventeenth centuries?

7
White Mans Burden

• Kiplings poem
• Social Darwinism
• Cultural nationalism
• Racism
• Multiple reasons for imperialism

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Africa

• Impact of quinine?
• Who was David Livingstone?
• Who was Henry Stanley?

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European motivation

• Nationalism
• Economic competition
• European racism
• Missionary impulse

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European technology

• Maxim gun
• Railroads
• Communication systems

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Cash crops

• How did the introduction of cash crops affect
  Africans? Europeans?

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The Quest for Wealth in the CongoExploding the
myth of imperialismfrom The Heart of Darkness
by Joseph Conrad
Literature and History
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Resistance in Africa

• Shaka applied sophisticated tactics and
  organization to Zulu resistance
• What were some of the main resistance movements
  by African peoples?

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Video Zulu (1964)

• On the January 22nd 1879 the British Army suffers
  one of its worst defeats when Zulu forces
  massacre 1,500 of its troops. A short time after
  the main battle a Zulu force numbering in excess
  of 4000 warriors advanced on a British supply
  dump garded by 139 Welsh infantrymen. The 12 hour
  battle is legendary . . . the battle is known as
  Rorkes Drift and eleven of its defenders were
  awarded the Victorian Cross.

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Internal Forces that helped European dominance

• Variety of cultures and languages
• Low level of technology
• Ethnic Strife

Menelik II was an successful example of African
resistance in Ethiopia
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Berlin Conference of 1884-1885

• 14 European nations lay down rules for division
  of Africa
• Rest of continent divided with little thought of
  linguistic and cultural concerns
• No Africans represented
• By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia remained free
  of European control

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The Boer War 1899-1902

• How did South Africa differ from the experiences
  of other sub-Saharan lands?

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Primary DocumentThe Boer War The Suffering of
the Civilian Population by J.E. Neilly
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Imperialism Case Study Nigeria

• Europeans used colonies, protectorates, spheres
  of influence, economic imperialism, and different
  patterns of management to control African
  colonies. African resistance movements emerge in
  response

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QUIZ 27.2
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Quiz 27.2
B
C
A
A
B
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British Imperialism in Nigeria

• Various forms of imperialism
• Direct v. indirect
• Impact of colonial rule
• Positive
• Negative
• Most troublesome political legacy

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Resistance Movements in Africa, 1881-1914

• See map on p. 694
• Region Which region had the largest area
  affected by resistance?
• Region Was any region unaffected by resistance
  movements?

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African Resistance

• The arbitrary division of African lands was only
  part of the reason Africans resisted European
  domination. A more fundamental reason was the
  completely alien nature of Western Civilization,
  with its emphasis on science and technology

The Herero, a group in Western South Africa
observed, The European is devoted to dead metals
. . . we get our joy out of living creatures.
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• Europeans also settled lands, claiming there were
  no previous owners, and renamed lakes and rivers
  that had had African names for centuries (eg.
  Lake Victoria)

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Mini Debate

• The negative effects of imperialism outweighed
  its positive results
• Written homework Respond to this statement in a
  one page typed paper. Use evidence from text.
  Cite evidence using parenthetical citations.