Lizardnet

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Lizardnet

• An Experiment in Embedded Sensor Networking

James Segedy July 15th, 2005
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Acknowledgements

• The Lizardnet Team
• Alejandro Enriquez
• John Hicks
• Kapy Kangombe
• James Segedy
• Advisors
• Mike Erlinger
• Steve Adolph
• Roy Shea (HMC 02)

Background Hardware Software
Driver-Writing Progress Report
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Motivations

• I had a Dream Mike Erlinger
• Lizards are awesome! Steve Adolph
• SOS will rule the World!!! Roy Shea

Background Hardware Software
Driver-Writing Progress Report
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Background

• We had to work with the biologists to get funding
• Steve has a serious crush on lizards
• Lizards use thermoregulation
• Cameras??

Background Hardware Software
Driver-Writing Progress Report
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Background

• Examples of Sensor Networks
• Radar Networks in Air Traffic Control
• The National Power Grid

• Research Originally Conducted for Military
  Purposes
• Sound Surveillance System
• Easily extends to other areas (Security, Remote
  Monitoring)

Background Hardware Software
Driver-Writing Progress Report
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Project Goals

• Deploy our very own embedded sensor network
• Retrieve real data from the field and transmit it
  back to HMC

Background Hardware Software
Driver-Writing Progress Report
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Deployment Site
Background Hardware Software
Driver-Writing Progress Report
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Deployment Site
Background Hardware Software
Driver-Writing Progress Report
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The Hardware

• Meet MicaZ
• IEEE 802.15.4 Radio
• Atmel Atmega128 16mHz processor
• 128kB program memory
• 4kB RAM
• 512kB External flash memory
• 51-Pin Expansion Connector

Background Hardware Software
Driver-Writing Progress Report
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The Hardware

• Meet MDA300
• 8 Analog inputs
• 8 Digital I/O ports
• Internal Temp/Humidity Sensor
• Internal ADC
• 64kB I2C EEPROM
• Can be used to sense humidity, temperature, soil
  moisture, light, wind speed, wind direction,
  motion, rainfall, leaf wetness, pressure, and
  radiation.

Background Hardware Software
Driver-Writing Progress Report
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The Software

• The Industry Standard TinyOS
• Developed by U.C. Berkeley
• Written in nesC
• Support is Everywhere

• The Problem TinyOS is Static
• Limited ability to install or update TinyOS
  components incrementally or remotely

Background Hardware Software
Driver-Writing Progress Report
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The Software

• SOS The answer to our problems
• Written in C
• A Minimal Static Kernel
• Dynamically loaded and unloaded code modules (no
  reboot required)
• Multiple interacting modules on a single mote.
• Event-driven functionality is controlled
  completely by timers, messages, and states.

Background Hardware Software
Driver-Writing Progress Report
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The Challenges

• The MicaZ is a new 2004 model
• Not compatible with the MTS310 Basic Sensor Board
• Not always manufactured correctly
• The MDA300 is a new sensor board
• SOS does not currently offer support for this
  board
• Message Routing
• Low-Power Operation

Background Hardware Software
Driver-Writing Progress Report
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Writing a Driver

• Pages and pages of FUN!
• Tracing Wires
• Manual Clocking
• Debugging Options

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Driver-Writing Progress Report
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Writing a Driver The SHT15

• Step 1 MDA300 Schematic

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Writing a Driver The SHT15

• Step 1 MDA300 Schematic

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Writing a Driver The SHT15

• Step 2 MicaZ Schematic

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Writing a Driver The SHT15

• Step 3 Atmel Atmega128 Schematic

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Writing a Driver The SHT15

• Step 4 The AVR Instruction Set
• The Atmel Atmega128 Uses the AVR instruction set
• The AVR C libraries allow direct access to all
  pins on the processor
• Step 5 Manipulate the pins directly

Background Hardware Software
Driver-Writing Progress Report
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Progress Report

• As of now, we have
• Downloaded, configured, and installed the SOS
  kernel on our 8 MicaZ motes
• Mastered the art of module creation
• Implemented a sample multi-hop network.
• Sampled temperature readings from INSIDE the
  refrigerator.
• Written some driver support for the MDA300

Background Hardware Software
Driver-Writing Progress Report
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Progress Report

• As of now, we still need to
• Deploy the network
• Write the network messages to a file for the
  biologist
• Experiment with power
• Learn about EE and thermistors
• In future years
• Learn to sense multiple things at the same time
• Explore multiple sensor interaction

Background Hardware Software
Driver-Writing Progress Report
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Works Cited

• Chong, Chee-yee and Kumar, Srikanta P. Sensor
  Networks Evolution, Opportunities, and
  Challenges.
• Han, Chih-Chieh et al. A Dynamic Operating
  System for Sensor Nodes.
• Maurer, Bill. Introduction to TinyOS and nesC
  Programming. Crossbow Technology.
• TinyOS Community Forum An open-source OS for
  the networked sensor regime. http//www.tinyos.ne
  t/
• All Data Sheets used were reproductions of
  original hardware schematics from Crossbow
  Technology