INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS IN COASTAL COMMUNITIES IN THE PHILIPPINES

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INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS IN COASTAL COMMUNITIES
IN THE PHILIPPINES
Maria Rebecca A. Campos, Ph.D. Economy and
Environment Program for Southeast Asia
(EEPSEA) and Southeast Asia Regional Center for
Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture
(SEARCA)
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NATIONAL STATISTICS

• Twelfth largest fish producer,1998 (1.8 M mt)
• Eighteenth aquaculture producer (135 mt)
• Since 1991, fish catch declined at about 5.4
  yearly
• 2.34 population growth rate

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PHILIPPINE SITUATION

• Direct income to 1.3 M fishers and their families
• Ave earning of USD 78 per month or over USD 1.225
  B worth of employment annually

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Lamon Bay Statistics

• Fifth highest commercial fishing ground
• Ninth highest municipal fishing ground
• Since 1985, fish catch declined at about 13.5
  yearly (gt 5.4 national average)
• 3.62 population growth rate

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General Objective
To identify and assess the capability of
local institutional mechanisms in the
implementation of fisheries policies in the
Philippines
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Data Gathering

• Reconnaissance survey
• Secondary data collection
• Key informant interview

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Data Analysis

7S McKenzie Framework SWOT

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7S McKenzie Framework
Structure
Superordinate Goal
Systems
Strategy
Style
Skills
Staff
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STRUCTURE

• Composition
• Functions
• Physical, financial, manpower resources
• Linkages with other organizations

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SYSTEMS(working within the organization)

• Information systems
• Monitoring and evaluation system
• Rules and policies on members

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STYLE

• Leadership within the organization
• Characteristics of the leadership

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STAFF

• Number and qualifications of the staff upon entry
• Description of work
• Level of awareness of policies/institutions

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SKILLS

• Of the existing manpower complement
• Relevant trainings before entry
• Relevant on-the-job trainings attended
• Plans for staff development

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STRATEGIES

• Approaches used to meet the vision, mission and
  goals

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SUPERORDINATE GOAL

• Assessment of the collective sum of the 6S plus
  the shared values of the staff towards the
  attainment of vision, mission and goals

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Data Analysis 7S McKenzie Framework
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SWOT

• Strengths
• Weaknesses
• Opportunities
• Threats

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AVERAGE PRODUCTIVITY

• Declining
• BFAR statistics show that average productivity
  per gill net was 52 kg. in 1965.
• 1975, these figure dropped to 19 kg,
• This study revealed that at present the average
  productivity per boat during the 10-month
  monitoring is 4.48 kg.
• This shows that the average productivity per boat
  (gill net) had been declining through the years.
   

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LOCAL FISHERIES POLICIES

• Local fisheries policies emerged in the form of
  policy instruments such as
• municipal ordinance (MO) passed by the
  Sangguniang Bayan (SB)
• municipal order (MOr) issued by the local chief
  executive and
• resolutions forwarded by concerned groups to the
  SB for consideration and adoption.

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Classification of Local Fisheries Policies

• Regulatory-monitoring the conduct of illegal
  fishing activities and apprehension of those
  caught violating fisheries regulations
• Developmental-carrying out fisheries related
  projects

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Table 1. Status of the local institutional
mechanisms in the implementation of fisheries
policies, Philippines
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Comparative Analysis of the Existing
Institutional Mechanisms Implementing Fisheries
Policies
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Comparative Analysis of the Existing
Institutional Mechanisms Implementing Fisheries
Policies
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Comparative Analysis of the Existing
Institutional Mechanisms Implementing Fisheries
Policies
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Comparative Analysis of the Existing
Institutional Mechanisms Implementing Fisheries
Policies
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Comparative Analysis of the Existing
Institutional Mechanisms Implementing Fisheries
Policies
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Comparative Analysis of the Existing
Institutional Mechanisms Implementing Fisheries
Policies
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Summary of SWOT by Institutional Mechanism
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Summary of SWOT by Institutional Mechanism
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Effectivity of policies?
most people surveyed felt
that existing policies were slightly effective
exceptions were those relating to
sanctuaries, permits licenses which were
perceived as ineffective 84 respondents
operating without fishing licenses
After assessing the declining productivity and
resource quality data Therefore, policy
failure
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CONCLUSIONS
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MFARMC

• Has the legal mandate to perform the regulatory
  and developmental functions related to fisheries
• The capability of members to perform such
  functions is the question
• Have the proper number of members, but their
  skills may not be honed towards identifying the
  types of violations of fisheries policies that
  may be committed in their respective areas
• Limited training and education in relation to the
  performance of functions on monitoring fisheries
  activities
• NGOs provided the members a wide range of
  assistance

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Bantay Dagat

• May not be capable of implementing fisheries
  policies
• Apprehension of fishermen found violating
  fisheries policies
• Limited capability of the members to really
  identify violations pertaining to fisheries
  policies
• Membership of fish examiner (OMA) was seen as an
  advantage
• It might be difficult to sustain the
  participation of such a staff member since he may
  not be always available during the operations of
  the organization

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OMA

• Generally involved in developmental activities on
  fisheries
• Main function implementation of programs and
  projects on fisheries
• Usually, it does not perform functions that are
  regulatory in nature, except when some of them
  were involved in Bantay Dagat operations
• Also faced with difficulties to include limited
  manpower complement and finances, as well as the
  necessary physical resources to perform its
  mandated functions

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MAFC

• Has been operational in Real even before the
  formation of MFARMC
• Performs some of the functions of MFARMC
• Activities geared towards the implementation of
  projects on fisheries, rather than regulatory
• Also plagued with problems on limited manpower,
  physical and financial resources

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RECOMMENDATIONS
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• The role of MFARMC, MAFC and OMA should be on
  monitoring the compliance of fishermen to
  existing laws on fisheries
• Regulatory function
• Actual apprehension of violators of fisheries
  policies should be given to members of the
  Philippine Navy and the Philippine Coast Guard
• It may be very difficult for Bantay Dagat as a
  composite team to perform the usual operations
• Puts the lives of the members in danger

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• An M E system should be imposed if the role of
  institutional mechanisms will be limited to
  monitoring compliance with existing fisheries
  policies
• Approach must be community-based to solicit the
  participation of the local people
• BFARMC as the barangay level mechanisms to
  implement fisheries policies can be looked into.
• BFARMC not legally included as mechanism into the
  New Fisheries Code

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• Implementation of the M E system would require
  the proper education for members of the different
  institutional mechanisms to implement fisheries
  policies
• Education here includes learning about how to
  detect violations of policies considering the
  technical aspects of fisheries