Career Guidance in Korea

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Career Guidance in Korea

• Lee, Ji-Yeon

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• Importance of Career Guidance
• 2. Trends Today Tomorrow
• 3. What is Career development Career Guidance
  ?
• 4. Career Guidance System in Korea
• 5. Career Development Center at the KRIVET
• 6. Strength Weakness of Career Guidance in
  Korea
• 7. Key Policy Issues

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Importance of Career Guidance

• Police challenges for career guidance
• Because career guidance can contribute to
  public objectives
• Making education systems more efficient
• Improving unemployment in the labour market
• Improving social equity and integration

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B. Personal challenges for career guidance

• Because career guidance can contribute to
  his/her career development in their lives
• Motivating to participate lifelong learning
• Developing/updating employability more efficient
• Improving quality of life by supporting who I am,
  where I am going, and how I can get there.

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Trends Today and Tomorrow

• Raising the academic expectation
• The Global Economy
• ICT(Information Communication Technology)
• Shifts in Societal Issues and Values

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Academic Expectations

• Over 80 high school students enter to the higher
  education level (for the decent job entrance)
• Eliminating barriers to learning
• Produce Students who
• - are more efficient for the transition
  school to work
• - are life-long learners
• - contributors not takers in lifelong society

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Global Economy

• Direct link between education and income
• ( higher education level, higher income)
• Demands of business industry for educating
  individual who has the employability and
  responsibility in the world of work.

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ICT

• Access to career guidance can be widened and more
  diverse target-groups on cost-effective basis
• - traditional one-to-one interviews are
  labour-intensive
• ICT has significant potential
• Web-based career guidance and call centers also
  have significant potential to widen access to
  career guidance

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Societal Shifts

• Life in Today
• School violence
• Poverty family
• Sex, smoking, alcohol
• Drop-out students
• Education training
• Youth unemployment

• Life in tomorrow
• How do we prepare students to cope with change or
  transition ?
• How do we help students to understand this world,
  not the world we grew up in ?

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Career Guidance Challenges for today tomorrow

• How do we help students career decision making
  for change or transition in their life stage?
• What career development competency can students
  acquire from a school career guidance ?
• How do we know we are making a difference?
• How can school career guidance support student
  success ?
• What is contribution to help students be
  successful in the schools of today.. for the
  world of work tomorrow ?

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What is career development Career Guidance?

• What is career development ?
• A lifelong process through which individuals
  come to understand themselves as they relate to
  the world of work and their lives (family
  community)

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Key Career Development Concepts

• A career is the combination of many work life
  experiences and decisions
• Career exploration needs to be developmental
• Career development is not just job training
• Career development is an ongoing process which
  combines school-based work-based activities
  through their lives
• Career development is very essential education
  component

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Career Development Process
How do I Get there ?
Where am I going ?
Who Am I ?
Career Planning
Career Exploration
Self-knowledge (self-awareness)
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Career Education vs. Career Guidance

• Career education
• Using group process
• Emphasis learning generally relevant to the group
• Ready-made PGM
• curriculum from basic to advanced
• General framework of learning

• Career guidance
• Individual or small-group work using
  inter-personal processe
• Emphasis learning differentially relevant to the
  individual
• Negotiable
• What the client needs to do
• Specific problem solving or decision making faced
  one person now
• ltA.G.watts others, 1996)

• Contact
• Relevance
• Basis
• Development
• Outcome

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What is Career Guidance ?

• Helping services for a specific problem in
  career development.
• Career Guidance (Career Education) Outcome
• Career development competency

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What is Career Development Competency ?

• Who am I ?
• Where am I going ?
• How do I get there ?

• Self awareness
• Career exploration
• Career planning

• Self awareness
• Career exploration
• Career planning

• Who am I ?
• Where am I going ?
• How do I get there ?

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Career Guidance System in Korea

• Guidance system in schools focused largely around
  college entrance information providing
• Guidance systems in public employment services
  focused to unemployment adult
• In addition, community-based services focused
  largely around community womens job seeking
  information

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The context

• Since Korean War(1953) Korean peninsula has been
  divided into Republic of Korea in the south
  North
• From being one of the poorest countries in 1953
  to being spectacular industrialization and
  economic growth today
• Unemployment 1991-1997 as low as 2.4
• by 2000 4.2(OECD average 6.3)
  now around 7.2
• Female labour force participation rage 51.8
  (OECD 61.3)
• 27 months on military service for young men
• The influence of parents on young peoples career
  choices tends to be stronger than in Western
  countries gt influenced by Korean value from
  Confucian tradition such as respect for elders,
  deference obedience to authority
• The ageing of the population due to drops in the
  birth rate is an important policy issue
• Recently, youth unemployment supplement school
  provision with private tuition is an important
  educational policy issue.

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Student Target
Adult Target
Ministry of Education and HRD
Ministry of Labor
Legal Financial Support
16 Provincial Offices of Education (Education
Science Research Institute)
46 Regional Labor Office 120 Employment
Security Center
Field Service
On-line and Career Information service
Work Information Center (Work-net)
Career Development Center (CareerNet)
Categorization of Governments Role in Career
Guidance Service
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Career guidance in Schools

• 1st educational decisions with major career
  implications are made at the end of junior high
  school around the age of 15.
• gt Nearly two-thirds are in academic
  general high schools and the
• remainder in vocational/technical high
  schools
• Most of students aim at college entrance.
• gt the pressure for entrance to prestigious
  colleges means that many parents supplement
  private education for their children
• gtMore attention to the importance of career
  guidance

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• School guidance teacher covers not only their
  subject teaching and career guidance but also
  dealing with personal and behavioral issues
• gt External support from the provincial
  office of education for career education
  guidelines and information resources
• gt Vocational counselors from the public
  employment services commonly visit schools to
  administer psychometric tests and run group
  sessions to help students interpret the results
• Schools refer students to local youth counseling
  services for psychometric testing counseling

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Career Guidance in Higher education

• 163 of 4 -year universities, 11 teachers
  college, 159 vocational junior colleges, 19
  polytechnics 24 other higher education
  institutions.
• gt Around 92 have a job information center
  for job-placement services. Around 70 provide
  the on-line career guidance services. Around 30
  offer career education within the curriculum .
• Provide work-experience internships under
  co-operation between universities and
  enterprises.

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Career guidance in PES

• In the economic crisis of 1997-98, public
  employment security centers were established for
  on-stop service for employment insurance, access
  to vocational training and job placement.
• The main career information resources within the
  public employment services are work-Net website.
• Work-Net provides individuals with access to
  job vacancies, and employers with access to job
  searchers, as well as holding a wide range of
  occupational and labour market information and
  data on publicly-subsidized training course

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Career Development Center at the KRIVET

• Development management of CareerNet, an
  extensive on-line career information guidance
  system
• CareerNet is designed as a career development
  system based on similar principles to the US
  DISCOVER and SIGI-Plus systems.
• gt from elementary-school students to
  adults, provide aptitude interest tests,
  web-based counseling service, information for
  world of work and education, and target specified
  career development program such as ARO Junior,
  Career vision and others

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Career Development Center Key function

• Research Development
• - Policy for career guidance and system
  management
• - Production, delivery dissemination of
  various career information
• - Job study work ethic
• - Policy for employment security and system
• - Career related psychological instrument
  (career interest, aptitude,work-value,
• maturity, short career transition basic
  vocational ability test)
• Services
• - Career guidance and counseling services
  concerning career development
• for individuals groups
• -Various career information, guidance and
  counseling services to ALL

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For example of career guidance program
Aro-Junior

• Purpose Designed to help elementary students
  for the meaning of work , understanding of
  him/her self, and exploration of education and
  job information.
• Delivery On-line Career guidance service
  through CareerNet
• Understanding the meaning of work -gt
  
• Understanding who I am by simple vocational
  interest test ?
• Getting relevant occupational educational
  information ?
• Designing Dream for the unknown future
  (career planning)
• ? Level up for self-directed Career
  development competency

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Aro-Junior, career exploration programs
Philosophy
2E 3F
Fun
Easy
Friendly
Educational
Fantastic
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Strength Weakness of Career Guidance in Korea

• The Strengths of Career guidance system
• The extent quality of ICT-based guidance
  delivery
• The extent and quality of the labour market
  information provided by WIC(Work Information
  Center)
• The high educational level of many career
  guidance practitioners
• The extent and quality of the work in the career
  guidance field of two major research and
  development institutes(KRIVET and WIC)

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The Weaknesses of Career guidance system
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Key Policy Issues

• Schools higher education
• - Implement career education more
  systematically within the school curriculum ,
  and a mandatory rather than optional basis
• - Regularly monitor school career education
  guidance program at national level
• - Pay more systematic attention to raising
  school principals awareness of the nature and
  importance of career education, and to training
  the teachers responsible for delivering it.
• - Improve the opportunities for school
  students to experience the world of work before
  making educational choices which may have
  substantial career implications
• - Develop stronger structures for
  school-industry collaboration to support such
  activitiesencourage universities and colleges to
  give credit to such career learning experiences
  in their entrance selection procedures
• - Develop clearer standards for the role of
  the school counsellor, including the ratio of
  counsellors to students, the maximum amount of
  time that counsellors should be expected to
  teach, and the training required to perform the
  role

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• Public Employment Services
• - Permit public employment service staff
  trained as vocational counsellors to spend more
  time on counselling and less on administrative
  tasks, and avoid staff turnover due to
  unnecessary job transfers.
• - Review the possibility of extending the
  public employment services to cater more broadly
  for all job-seekers and career changers, rather
  than focusing so strongly on the unemployed
• - Expanding targeted employment services to
  vulnerable young people, to people with
  disabilities, and to older workers.
• - Explore the possibility of developing a
  national competence framework to embrace a
  variety of career guidance roles in different
  sectors
• - Improve the employment security and
  salaries for career guidance practitioners in the
  public employment services and community-based
  services.

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• Co-ordination and strategic leadership
• - Establish an inter-agency agreement between
  KRIVET and the WIC, identifying areas of
  potential collaboration and procedures for such
  collaboration
• - Establish a clearer mechanism for
  co-ordination between key officials of the
  Ministry of Education and Human Resources and the
  Ministry of Labour on career-guidance-related
  policy development