Sprayers,%20Calibration,%20Nozzle%20Selection,%20Efficacy,%20

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Sprayers, Calibration, Nozzle Selection,
Efficacy, Drift Considerationsfor theNo-Till
Farmer

• Robert E. Wolf
• Extension Specialist Application Technology

Biological and Agricultural Engineering
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Changes in the Application Industry!
Product Related!!!

• Historically inefficient process
• Increased cost of pesticides
• Product rates are changing (lt an ounce/acre)
• More pest specific products
• Biotechnology and GMOs (Roundup Ready, Bts)
• More sophisticated equipment (electronics)
• Variable rates
• Site-specific
• Focus on Drift

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Equipment today-?
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Sprayer Components

• Tanks (contamination issues)
• Pump, Strainers, Agitation
• Pressure gauge
• Hoses, Flow control assemblies
• Electronics monitors-computers- controllers
  (GPS/GIS)
• Distribution system
• Nozzles!!!!!!!!!

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Nozzles are Important!
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What about the cost of the nozzle?
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Regardless of the cost

• Without proper attention to the nozzle, you may
  end up with a
• Misapplication

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Nozzles are important because

• Control the amount GPA.
• Determine uniformity of application.
• Affects the coverage.
• Influences the drift potential.

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1. Control the Amount applied

• Nozzle Flow Rate is affected by
• Orifice size
• Pressure
• Solution characteristics

Page 9 - TeeJet
Page 4 - Hypro
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www.hypro.com
Page 4
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Nomenclature
Extended Range
Trade Name
(S,H,P,K,SS)
Stainless Steel Insert Orifice
VisiFlo Color Coding
Fan angle and flow rate-orifice size
Rated Pressure
40 psi for most nozzle types 10 psi for turbo
flood nozzles
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Typical nozzle numbering system
Extended-range flat-fan XR 11004 XR Extended-range
Extended-range flat-fan XR 11004 110 110 degree fan angle
Extended-range flat-fan XR 11004 04 0.4 GPM _at_ 40 psi
Even flat-fan (Band applications) 8002E E Even spray pattern
Even flat-fan (Band applications) 8002E 80 80 degree fan angle
Even flat-fan (Band applications) 8002E 02 0.2 GPM _at_ 40 psi
Turbo flood - (small capacity) TF- 4 TF Turbo flood
Turbo flood - (small capacity) TF- 4 4 .4 GPM _at_ 10 psi
Turbo flood (Floater capacity) QCTF - 40 QCTF Quick attach turbo flood
Turbo flood (Floater capacity) QCTF - 40 40 4.0 GPM _at_ 10 psi
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Calibration/Nozzle Selection

• What is the first step?
• Use label to select the
• application volume
• product rate
• Choose an appropriate travel speed
• Effective width of application
• nozzle spacing
• Calculate GPM Flow rate per nozzle
• Select the correct size of nozzle!

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Flow Rate Equation
Equation 2

• Calculates for amount of flow from one nozzle
• Represents the size of nozzle to put on the
  sprayer

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Electronics/Rate Controllers

• How does your system work when speed changes?
• Is it pressure based?
• What is the effect of going slower?
• What is the effect of going faster?

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2. Set up for Uniformity

• Goal is to put the material on evenly from
  nozzle to nozzle, end of boom to end of boom, and
  across the entire field.
• 20-inch spacing requires 17-19 above target for
  50-60 overlap.

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Coverage

• Need knowledge of the product being used.
• Systemic
• Contact
• What is the target?
• Soil
• Grass
• Broadleaf (smooth, hairy, waxy)
• Leaf orientation time of day

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Will affect drift

• Movement of spray particles off-target.
• Creating smaller spray drops will result in
  increased drift.
• Is it Coverage vs Drift?
• What is the answer?

64,000 Question?
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Spray Characteristics are Important to Understand
Demonstrates Turbo Flat vs TurboDrop-5 MPH Wind
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Nozzle Technology? How to use??

• Nozzles designed to reduce drift
• Improved drop size control
• Emphasis on Spray Quality

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Extended Range Flat-fan

• Tapered edge pattern
• 80 and 110 degree fan
• Requires overlap - 50 to 60
• 15-60 psi range

80
110
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Turbo Flood Nozzle vs Old Style Flood

• Pre-orifice design
• Turbulence chamber
• Uniform spray distribution with tapered edge
  50-60 overlap
• Large, drift resistant droplets

Flood
TF
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Turbo Flat-fan

• Turbulence chamber as in the Turbo Flood
• Tapered edge, wide angle flat pattern
• Designed to work in flat-fan nozzle holder
• Uniform spray distribution, 50-60 overlap
• Wide pressure range, 15 90 psi
• Large, drift resistant droplets
• Plastic with superior wear characteristics

TT
XR
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XR Flat-fan compared to Turbo Flat-fan in 5 MPH
wind
40 psi
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Air-Induction/Venturi Nozzles

• Where air is drawn into the nozzle cavity and
  exits with the fluid.

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Air/Induction Venturi Nozzle

• Greenleaf TurboDrop
• Air intake venturi section
• Mixing Chamber - air and spray solution blended
• Pattern tip forms large air-bubble drops
• Exit tip flow 2X venturi orifice
• Better Penetration?
• Reduced run-off?
• Improved coverage?
• Adequate efficacy?
• Reduced drift?

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XR Flat-fan and Turbo Flat-fan compared to
Venturi Style Nozzle5.0 MPH wind at 40 psi
XR vs TurboDrop
Turbo Flat vs Turbo Drop
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Driftable Droplets Spraying Systems-2000
Nozzle Type (0.5 GPM Flow) Approximate of Spray Volume lt 200 Microns Approximate of Spray Volume lt 200 Microns
Nozzle Type (0.5 GPM Flow) 15 PSI 40 PSI
XR 11005 14 22
XR 8005 6 12
DG 11005 N/A 11
DG 8005 N/A 7
TT 11005 lt1 lt6
TF-2.5 lt1 lt1
AI 11005 N/A lt1



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XR Flat-fan _at_20, 40, 80 PSI
Turbodrop XL _at_20, 40, 80 PSI
Boom
Drift
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EPA Requested Changes Coming!!!!

• New Label language-EPA Reviewing Public Comments
• Public Listening Sessions planned
• Sometime in 2003??
• Match the crop protection product to the target
• Adhere to label guidelines based on an industry
  standard
• ASAE S-572
• Buffer Zones or No Spray Zones
• Maximize Efficacy
• Minimize Drift

VMD
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ASAE DSC and Volume Median Diameter (DV0.5) From
PMS Laser Spectrometer
Droplet Spectra Classification (DSC)
Droplet Size Range

• Very Fine (VF) lt 182µm
• Fine (F) 183-280µm
• Medium (M) 281-429µm
• Coarse (C) 430-531µm
• Very Coarse (VC) 532-655µm
• Extremely Coarse (XC) gt656µm

USDA ARS College Station, TX
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Important Droplet Statistics
VMD (50)
Operational Area
VD0.9 (90)
VD0.1 (10)
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Application Decisions?
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For more information contact
rewolf_at_ksu.edu
www.bae.ksu.edu/rewolf/