Industrial Revolution

1
Industrial Revolution

• Social Reaction

2
Utopian Socialists
They believed in creating the ideal society where
the means of production were publicly owned and
everyone shared in the profits.
Charles Fourier He encouraged the creation of
small communities where everything was owned in
common and each person did the work that they
were best suited for.
Robert Owen - He put socialist ideas to work by
first increasing the living and working
conditions of the workers in his factory. Later
he founded several utopian communities, all of
which failed in a matter of years.
3
Communism
An extreme form of socialism outlined by Karl
Marx and Frederick Engles in their pamphlet, The
Communist Manifesto in 1848.
Major Points

• Poverty and despair are the results of insatiable
  greed inspired by capitalism.
• The Proletariat (working class) should overthrow
  the capitalists and run the country as a
  dictatorship.
• Religion should be outlawed because it is used to
  control the working class.
• Marriage is the institutional slavery of women.

Karl Marx
Frederick Engles
4
Worker Resistance

• Open Hostility
• The most reactionary group was the Luddites,
  founded by Ned Lud.
• Luddites wore masks and would smash new machinery
  in the night.
• Labor Unions
• Workers formed collective bargaining groups
• Strikes, slowdowns, and sit-ins were used to
  pressure factory owners into raising wages and
  improving working conditions.
• Despite attempts at banning labor unions, they
  continued to increase in popularity.

5
Romanticism
Artistic movement that appealed to emotion by
using nature or fantasy to contrast reality and
the emphasis on reason.

• Romanticism
• Mary Shellys Frankenstein
• Realism
• Oliver Twist
• Les Miserables
• Impressionism

6
Legislative Reforms

• Factory Act 1819 Limited the hours worked by
  children to a maximum of 12 per day.
• Factory Act 1833 Children under 9 banned from
  working in the textiles industry and 10-13
  year olds limited to a 48 hour week.
• Factory Act 1844 Maximum of 12 hours work per day
  for Women.
• Factory Act 1847 Maximum of 10 hours work per day
  for Women and children.
• Factory Act 1850 Increased hours worked by Women
  and children to 10 and a half hours a day,
  but not allowed to work before 6am or
  after 6pm.
• Factory Act 1874 No worker allowed to work more
  than 56.5 hours per week.

7
Connections to Today
Today, most fully industrialized countries ensure
the safety and fairness of working conditions.
However, in many developing nations dismal
conditions and child labor still exist.
Child Labor in Pakistan
Most European countries today are socialist the
US remain purely capitalistic.
Several countries have experimented with
communism, but most attempts have failed only
China, Cuba, and Viet Nam still have communist
governments.