THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA

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THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA
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THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA

• WHAT IS THE INTELLIGENTSIA?
• Critically thinking people
• Secular priesthood
• Common defining features
• Education in western ideas
• Highly politicized

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THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA

• ORIGINS
• Reforms of Peter the Great
• Social critics of Catherine the Great
• NIKOLAI NOVIKOV, DENIS FONVIZIN, ALEXANDER
  RADISHCHEV
• CIRCLES of late 18th/early 19th c.
• Romanticism, Idealism, Nationalism
• Cursed Questions

N. Novikov
D. Fonvizin
A. Radishchev
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THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA

• DEVELOPMENT
• Remarkable Decade 1838-1848
• PETER CHAADAEV First Philosophical Letter
• Russia had no past, no present, no future
• Led to 2 new competing intellectual movements
• SLAVOPHILES
• WESTERNIZERS

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THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA
A. Khomiakov

• SLAVOPHILES
• ALEKSEI KHOMIAKOV, IVAN KIREEVSKY, CONSTANTINE
  AKSAKOV
• Superiority of Russia Orthodoxy
• SOBORNOST
• OBSHCHINA
• Messianic role of Russia
• Peters reforms disrupted Russias natural
  development
• Idealized NAROD
• Opposed serfdom bureaucracy, tacitly supported
  autocracy

I. Kireevsky
C. Aksakov
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THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA

• WESTERNIZERS
• Similarities with Slavophiles
• Opposed serfdom, bureaucracy, capitalism
• Russia should take leadership role
• Idealized narod
• Differences
• Many different social strata, including
  RAZNOCHINTSY
• Embraced western ideas western development
• Very secular
• Opposed autocracy

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THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA

• WESTERNIZERS
• Moderates (Fathers) TIMOFEI GRANOVKSY NIKOLAI
  STANKEVICH
• Mild liberal reform
• Education enlightenment
• Evolutionary approach
• Radicals (Sons) VISSARION BELINSKY, ALEXANDER
  HERZEN
• Revolutionary approach
• Russian socialism

T. Granovskii
V. Belinsky
A. Herzen
N. Stankevich
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THE RUSSIAN INTELLIGENTSIA

• WESTERNIZERS
• PETRASHEVTSY NIKOLAI CHERNYSHEVSKY FEDOR
  DOSTOEVSKY
• Influenced by French Utopian socialism
• PHALANSTERIES
• Transitional group between Moderates Radicals
• Raided by govt. 1849

N. Chernyshevsky
F. Dostoevsky