Safety

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Safety
Runway
Initiative
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Participants

• Airbus
• Embraer
• ACI
• IATA
• ERA
• Eurocontrol
• AAPA
• US NTSB
• AEA
• Honeywell

• EASA
• CANSO
• IFALPA
• FAA/CAST
• LVNL
• Boeing
• DGAC France
• Flight Safety Foundation
• IFATCA
• NLR ALTA

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RSI Meetings
1. Initial RSI meeting in Amsterdam 7 and 8
Feb 2007 2. Meeting in Brussels 30 and 31 May
2007 3. Meeting in Toulouse 6 and 7 September
2007 4. Meeting in Miami 9 and 10 January
2008 5. Meeting at NTSB in Washington on 7 and
8 May 2008 6. Meeting at EASA in Cologne on 20
and 21 August 2008 7. Meting at Boeing in
Seattle on 13 and 14 November
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DefinitionA Runway safety issue is any safety
issue that deals with the runway environment (or
any surface being used as a runway) and the areas
immediately adjacent to it (e.g. overruns, high
speed taxiways).
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Runway Safety Issues

• Runway Incursions

• Runway Excursions

• Runway Confusion

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New ICAO Definition of Runway Incursion Any
occurrence at an aerodrome involving the
incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or
person on the protected area of a surface
designated for the landing and takeoff of
aircraft.
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2007 runway safety events
- TAROM runway incursion accident (0 fatalities)
- S7 excursion report from MAK (126 fatalities)
- Garuda excursion in Indonesia (21 fatalities)
- TAM excursion (187 fatalities)
- Southwest Airlines Midway excursion report
- Air France A-340 Toronto excursion report
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Some 2008 Runway Safety Events
- Hewa Bora DC-9 excursion (3 Fatal)
- Kalitta B747 excursion (0 fatalities)
- TACA A-320 excursion (3 Fatal)
- Sudan Airways A-310 excursion (30 fatal)
- Continental excursion in Denver (0 fatalities)
- Several corporate aircraft fatal excursions
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Major Accidents Commercial Jets 1
January 2008 to 31 December 2008
Source Ascend
Runway Excursion
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Major Accidents Business Jets
1 January 2008 to 31 December 2008

Source Ascend
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2008 Runway Safety Data
Total Accidents 97 (44 Jet/53 TP all Western
and Eastern built commercial jet and turboprop
aircraft, Major or substantial damage)
Total Incursion Accidents 0
Total Confusion Accidents 0
Total Excursion Accidents 38 (39) - 32
Fatalities
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Data Availability

• Runway Incursions - Good

• Runway Excursions - Good for Accidents
  and Incidents with Damage

• Runway Confusion - Limited (normally no
  damage, no injury, no loss of
  separation)

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1977 - KLM / Pan Am
Los Rodeos Airport -Tenerife Canary Islands
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US Airways Runway Incursion Accident Los
Angeles Controller cleared aircraftto land
with another aircraft on the runway.
February 1991
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SASOctober 2001
Milan, Italy
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Runway Incursions

• Part of the new breed of safety challenge
  - Not a lot of accidents - Numerous Incidents

• Basic Risk Management Risk (Probability)
  X (Severity)

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The Players

• Aircraft Manufacturers

• Operators - Aircrews - Management

• Airports

• ATC

• Regulators

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Manufacturers

• Safe/Reliable Aircraft

• Data and procedures for normal operations

• Data and procedures for non- normal
  operations

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Operators

• Stabilized Approach Criteria

• True No-Fault Go Around Policy

• Training

• Decision making
• - On approach - On the runway

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Airports

• Airport Design

• Lighting

• Approach Aids (e.g. ILS, VASI, PAPI)

• Runway Design (crown, grooved)

• Runway markings and signage

• Runway clearing/cleaning

• Runway condition measurement

• Runway End Safety Areas

• Airport AARF

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,
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ATC

• Stabilized Approach Assistance

• Pertinent and timely Information
• - Weather - Runway Condition

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Regulator

• Provide appropriate and professional
  oversight

• Stabilized Approach requirements
• - Approaches with vertical guidance

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Runway Safety Products Catalog
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Runway Incursion Product Title
Originator
Type Product Target Audience 1. ICAO
Runway Safety Toolkit ICAO
CD and web Aircrew, Airports,
ATM,

Management 2.
Runway and Surface Safety FAA
CD and web Flight
Instructors

Pilot
Examiners 3. Taxi 101
FAA CD
and web Maintenance personnel 4.
Runway Incursion Prevention FAA, ACI,
CD and web Aircrew,
Airports, ATM Program
IATA, PAAST 5. European
Action Plan for the Eurocontrol et al
CD and web Aircrews, Airports, ATM
Prevention of Runway Incursions

Vehicle drivers 6. Runway Incursion CAST JSIT
FAA (CAST) CD
Aircrews, Airports, ATM
Reports 7. FAA Runway Safety Website
FAA Web site
Aircrews, ATM, Vehicle


Drivers 8. Enhanced Taxiway Centerline
FAA CD and web
Aircrews, ATM, Airports 9. AOPA Runway
Safety Course FAA, AOPA
Web site General Aviation
Pilots 10. ALPA Runway Safety Course
FAA, ALPA Web site
Aircrews 11. ACI Airside Safety Handbook
ACI Handbook
Airports 12. Runway Safety Its
Everybodys FAA
Handbook Pilots, Controllers
Business 13. Pilot Guide to Runway Safety
Sportys CD
General Aviation Pilots
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Runway Safety Products Catalog

• Runway Excursion
• Product Title
  Originator Type Product
  Target Audience
• ALAR Tool Kit Flight
  Safety Foundation CD
  Aircrews, ATM, Airports
• 2. Managing Threats and Errors Flight
  Safety Foundation Web Aircrews
• During Approach and Landing
• How to avoid a Runway Overrun
• 3. Takeoff Safety Training Aid FAA
  CD and web
  Aircrews

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Runway Safety Products Catalog
Runway Confusion ??????????? (Many Runway
Incursion Products may be
applicable
here)
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Runway
Confusion
Data
Safety
Incursion
Excursion
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Accident Data1995 2008 Commercial
Aircraft (Substantial and Major Damage, Western
and Eastern built Turbojets and Turboprops)
Jets
Turboprops Major Substantial
Major Substantial 286
372 528
243Total 658
771 1,429 Total Accidents
(of all types, not just runway safety accidents)
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Runway Safety Accident Data1995 20081,429
Total Accidents
Number Percent of
Total Incursions 10 (.7/year)
.6
Confusion 4 (.3/year)
.3
Excursions 417 (29.8/year) 29
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Runway Related Accidents 1995 through 2008
Confusion Turboprop
Incursion - Turbojet
Excursion Turbojet
Excursion Turboprop
Incursion Turboprop
Confusion - Turbojet
Commercial Transport Aircraft
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Runway Safety Data1995 2008Runway Excursion
Data

• 36 of Jet accidents

• 24 of Turboprop accidents

• Turboprops have a higher risk of veer-offs
  Jets have a higher risk of overruns

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Business Jet Accidents 1991 - 2002
Total Accidents 251 Excursions
63 Excursion 25.1
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Runway Safety Fatality Data1995 2008
1,429 Total Accidents(492 fatal accidents (33))
Number of Fatal Accidents
(Onboard Fatalities) Incursions 5
(129)
Confusion 2 (132)
Excursions 34 (712)
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Fatal and Non-Fatal Runway Accidents by Type 1995
thru 2008
Fatal
Runway Confusion
Non-Fatal
Runway Incursion
Runway Excursion
Number of Accidents
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Runway Safety Observations

• Data shows we are being effective in
  preventing runway incursion accidents, but
  the number of incidents and severity still
  indicates a very high risk

• Data shows runway excursions are the most
  common type of runway safety accident (96)
  and the most common type of fatal runway
  safety accident (80)

• Severity of runway excursions dependent on
  - Energy of aircraft when departing the runway
  - Airport layout, geography, and rescue
  capability

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Runway Safety Observations

• New procedures (e.g. Auckland, NZ) may be
  helpful in reducing the risk in some runway
  incursion and runway confusion situations
  but not all

• In the case of runway confusion, many runway
  incursion interventions may be useful (e.g.
  moving map)

• In the case of runway excursions, a major
  risk reduction factor is flying a stabilized
  approach with landing in the touchdown zone

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Basics
- Stabilized approach with landing in touch
down zone
- Energy Mass X V2
- Effect of reverse thrust is significantly
greater on a contaminated runway
- Calculations and rules are important, but so
is adhering to the conditions used to calculate
them e.g. abort past V1 Land
long, land fast
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The Way Forward
RSI Steering Team
Runway Incursions
Runway Excursions
Support and Promote the many current efforts
ICAO definition Global Data Base
Lead the effort to reducethe risk of excursions
Establish data team to determine highest
risk areas and develop interventions
Publish interventions and best practices,
e.g. - Stabilized approaches -
No-fault go around policy - Contaminated
runway data
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Basic Plan

• 3 Critical Items for success

1. Identify high risk areas (with data)
2. Develop interventions to reduce the
risk in the highest risk areas
3. Get information out internationally
On a regionally tailored basis In a
user friendly format
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FSF Goal
Make Aviation Safer by reducing the Risk of an
Accident