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Chemical

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Axon transmits the impulse to another dendrite. Axon ending: terminal bud ... nose - smell. skin - touch. mouth - taste. 2b. The Central Nervous System: 1) Spinal Cord ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chemical


1
Chemical Electrical Coordination Systems
The Nervous System.
  • Ch 36 Guide
  • Life is in the eye of the beholder

2
Evolution of the Nervous System
3
From brain Stem to Cerebrum
4
IB.What is the function of the nervous system?
  • To receive
  • information from
  • a sensory neuron
  • To process
  • info. by the
  • brain spinal cord
  • To respond by an
  • effectors (muscle/gland)

5
AcupunctureStimulation of nerve centers
6
Alternative views . . . . . .
7
IA. The basic unit of the nervous system
neuron?
  • Dendrites receive stimuli
  • Nerve cell body
  • _at_ nucleus transmits the stimuli
  • Axon transmits the impulse to another dendrite

8
Axon ending terminal bud
  • Transfers the electrical nerve impulse
  • By chemical neuron-transmitters
  • From one neuron to the next

9
IA2. Two connecting neurons
Impulse direction
Axon ending
Dendrite of new neuron
Axon Cell Body
10
REVIEW.
  • What is the name of the nerve cell ?
  • Does the stimulus travel one- way or down the
    neuron in two directions?
  • Which part receives the stimuli? (The synapse,
    dendrites, cell body, or axon)
  • Which is covered by a myelin sheath ?
  • What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?

11
IB2a.Sensory neurons orreceptors receive a
stimulus from
  • eyes - sight
  • ears - hearing
  • nose - smell
  • skin - touch
  • mouth - taste

12
2b. The Central Nervous System
  • 1) Spinal Cord
  • 2) Brain
  • medulla for
  • breathing
  • cerebellum for
  • balance
  • cerebrum for
  • higher thinking bw

13
2c. Effectors that do actions are the
  • Muscles
  • voluntary use the somatic system
  • involuntary use autonomic
  • system
  • Glands
  • endocrine organs
  • that make hormone messengers

14
Cerebral Cortex higher thinking
15
The real thing . . . . . . . .
16
Parts of the Cerebrum
17
Cerebellum old brain controls basic body
functions
18
Right versus left Cerebrum
19
Infrared Tools to Study the brain . . . .
20
Schizophrenia a normal brain scan
21
Any blow to the head does brain damage Example of
amnesia processing skills
22
D. What is a synapse ?
  • Junction of two neurons
  • Neurotransmitters convert the electrical impulse
    into a chemical message

23
E. The 2 types of nervous responses?
  • a. Voluntary that use
  • the brain
  • spinal cord
  • b. Involuntary or
  • Autonomic System
  • Sympathetic
  • Parasympathetic

24
The involuntary system Autonomic basic body
functions reflex arcs
25
The Autonomic Nervous System
26
REVIEW The Autonomic Nervous System...
  • Automatic
  • Two parts
  • parasympathetic
  • sympathetic
  • Which is fight or flight response ?
  • Which is ordinary involuntary body functions ?

27
E2. Involuntary Reflex Arcs . . . .
  • Use only spinal cord
  • Do not go to the brain
  • Follow the R-SIM pathway
  • Examples
  • knee jerk, eye blink,
  • hot stove pull back

28
R-SIM Reflex arc pathway . . .
  • R
  • receptor neuron receives the stimuli
  • S
  • sensory neuron passes the impulse on
  • I
  • interneuron at the spinal cord processes
  • M
  • motor neuron acts

29
Is Pain part of the Reflex Arc ???
30
The five types of receptors
  • Are highly specialized
  • Receive only one type of stimuli
  • Can be overloaded when over stimulated

31
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32
Sensory Laboratory. . . . . . . . .
  • PURPOSE
  • Map the distance between touch receptors
  • Measure the extent of peripheral vision
  • Determine the effects of cone saturation
  • Map the taste receptors
  • Measure reflex timing

33
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34
Map of Taste Receptors . . . . B w
  • bw

35
References
  • World Book Encyclopedia 99 software for hand out
    illustrations. IBM Software Corp.
  • Encarta Encyclopedia 99 for multimedia slide
    presentations. Microsoft Corp.
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