Communityfocused Research: Means

1
Community-focused Research Means Ends

• Fifth Annual PAF Research Conference
• John C. Bricout, Ph.D.

2
CBPR - Description

• Community members are part of the research team
  from the onset and researchers are engaged in the
  community. In addition CBPR promotes the use of
  research results to inform action for change.
  Its use can result in mutual ownership of
  projects and shared decision making. (Scharff
  Matthews, 2008, p. 94)
• (CBPR)is characterized by collaboration between
  a community and an academic researcher in the
  conduct of research to answer questions of
  interest to the community for the purposes of
  informing the community taking some action, or
  creating some change. (Plumb, Collins, Cordeiro,
  Kavanaugh-Lynch, 2008, p. 1)

3
CBPR Description

• (CBPR) is a collaborative process of research
  involving researchers and community
  representatives it engages community members,
  employs local knowledge in understandingand
  the design of interventions, and invests
  community members in the processes and products
  of research. (AHRQ, 2001, p.2)
• The presence of strong relationships has been
  identified as a critical component of the CBPR
  approach. A key component in partnership
  sustainability is the extent and manner in which
  relationships and commitments among partners are
  continued over time. (Israel, et al, 2006, p.
  1022)

4
GIS Description

• Geographical Information Systems
• Also, Geospatial Information Science
• A tool to link representations of space to data
• A method of inquiry utilizing spatial data
• A technique for presenting spatial information
• Estimated that 70-80 percent of all data have a
  spatial component (Kidder Bricout, 2006)

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GIS Description

• Relational databases (i.e., census tracts and
  resident demographics) with spatial
  interpretation and outputs combined in map form.
  Uses computer programs that amass, monitor,
  integrate, analyze and display spatially-reference
  d data.
• Participatory GIS (PGIS) A bottom-up approach
  for capturing local knowledge from personal
  histories(A) GIS process that allows users to
  define their idea of neighborhood
  features/improvements in terms of points,
  polylines, and polygons (Nyerges, Jankowski,
  Tuthill, Ramsey, 2006, p. 702)

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Community Receptivity

• Developing objective measures of community
  environment that can be used to overcome barriers
  to participation for individuals with a mobility
  limitation. (P.I., David Gray, Ph.D.) Centers for
  Disease Control and Prevention (R04
  CCR718778-01), 2000-2004
• Developed a conceptual model, which we tested
  using the project-developed environmental and
  participation assessment tools

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Community Receptivity

• Community receptivity refers to the readiness of
  the community to foster and support the societal
  participation of persons with a disability. It is
  a result of the physical, material and social
  features of the environment and the interactions
  between them.
• Participation is defined as the involvement in
  life roles delineated by the International
  Classification of Functioning, Health and
  Disability (ICF).

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Community Receptivity

• Built Environment
• Social Environment
• Quality of Participation
• Institutional Public Resources

• Community Health Environment Checklist (CHEC)
• Community Perception Scales (CPS/ML GP)
• Community Participation and Perceived Receptivity
  Survey (CPPRS)
• Community Resource Inventory (CRI)

• Dimension

• Measurement Tool

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Community Receptivity

• CHEC An objective audit of physical features of
  buildings in the community (Cognitive Mapping)
• CRI A description of community resources
  compiled from existing data sources (GIS)
• CPS A self-report survey of attitudes in the
  general public (GP) and/or persons with mobility
  limitations (ML) (2 versions)
• CPPRS A self-report survey of quality of
  participation of community members with mobility
  limitations

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Community Receptivity

• CBPR
• Community members as data collectors (CPS/ML, CPS
  GP)
• Community members as assessors of physical
  environment (CHEC-PDA)
• Community members played role in re-design of
  cognitive mapping exercise
• GIS
• Community member recommendations on layers (i.e.,
  service places, merchants, etc.)

11
Community Receptivity

• http//enablemob.wustl.edu/ (Enabling Mobility
  Center)
• http//enablemob.wustl.edu/Research/research.htm
  (Social Policy, Classification, Participation,
  Environment and Assistive Technology Lab)
• http//enablemob.wustl.edu/Research/cdc.htm
  (Community Receptivity Project)
• Advisory Board (Consumer Researchers,
  Professionals and Advocates)

12
Conclusion

• Future Innovations
• CBPR and PGIS institutional partners engage in
  organizational learning
• CBPR and PGIS community partners provided with
  opportunities (Web-based and FTF) for life-long
  learning
• CBPR and PGIS links to Community development and
  organizational development efforts (citizen
  engagement)
• CBPR and PGIS links to policy initiatives

13
References

• Bricout, J.C., Gray, D.B. (2006). Community
  receptivity The ecology of disabled persons
  participation in the physical, political and
  social environments. Scandinavian Journal of
  Disability Research, 8(1), 1-21.
• Gray, D.B., Hollingsworth, H.H., Stark, S.L.,
  Morgan, K.A. (2006). Participation
  survey/mobility Psychometric properties of a
  measure of participation for people with mobility
  impairments and limitations. Archives of Physical
  Medicine Rehabilitation, 87, 189-197.
• Stark, S., Hollingsworth, H., Morgan, K., Gray,
  D. (2007). The development of a measure of
  receptivity of the physical environment.
  Disability and Rehabilitation, 29(2), 123-137.