PROPERTIES OF THE ATMOSPHERE

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INDOOR AIR QUALITY

• Concentrations of some pollutants higher indoors
  (VOCs, PM)
• We spend more time indoors
• Workplace air regulated
• No objectives/standards/regulatory body for
  residential indoor air

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• American Conference of Governmental Industrial
  Hygienists (ACGIH)
• Association of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air
  conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
• Health Canada
• Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC)
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
• U.S. EPA
• The Lung Association

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ACGIH TLV and BEI
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ASHRAE- Standard 62.2
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HC-IAQ
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CMHC - IAQ
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ANSI ASTM/ANSI/ASHRAE standards
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Outside Sources

• Polluted Outdoor Air
• pollen, dust, fungal spores industrial
  emissions vehicle emissions
• Nearby Sources
• loading docks vehicle parking or loading
  odours from dumpsters unsanitary debris or
  building exhausts near outdoor air intakes
• Underground Sources
• radon pesticides leakage from underground
  storage tanks soil gases

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Building Equipment

• HVAC Equipment
• microorganisms growing in drip pans, ductwork,
  coils, and humidifiers improper venting of
  combustion products dust , debris or fibres in
  or from ducts or duct linings plumbing traps
  or sumps
• Non-HVAC Equipment
• emissions from office equipment (volatile
  organic compounds, ozone) emissions from
  shops, labs, cleaning processes custodial
  practices atria, planters, and other wet areas

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Component/ Furnishings

• Components
• microorganisms growing on soiled or
  water-damaged materials dry traps that allow
  the passage of sewer gas materials containing
  volatile organic compounds, inorganic compounds,
  or damaged asbestos materials that produce
  particles (dust) or fibres tunnels, basements
  and crawlspaces exposed soil (walls/floors)
• Furnishings/Finishings
• emissions from new furnishings, flooring, or
  textiles microorganisms growing on or in soiled
  or water-damaged furnishings

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Other Indoor Sources

• science laboratories vocational arts areas
  copy/print areas food preparation/eating
  areas smoking lounges cleaning materials
  emissions from trash pesticides odours and
  volatile organic compounds from paint, sealants
  or adhesives

• occupants with communicable diseases
  markers and felt pens insects and other pests
  personal care products animals classroom
  materials or material storage
• renovation activities

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AIR POLLUTION IN THE OFFICE

• Asbestos
• ceiling tiles, floor tiles, heating system
  insulation
• Carbon monoxide
• garages, motor vehicles
• Formaldehyde
• glues, partitions, carpeting, paneling
• Micro-organisms
• humidifiers, washrooms, air conditioners,
  dehumidifiers, ventilation pipes and ducts

• Tobacco smoke
• Volatile organic compounds
• cleaning compounds, paints, solvents, copy
  machines markers and pens
• Ozone
• copy machines

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AIR POLLUTION AT HOME

• Bedroom
• window air conditioners, room humidifiers and
  dehumidifiers, kerosene or gas heater
• Living room
• fireplace, carpet and drapes, panelling,
  Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)g
• Kitchen
• gas appliances, biological contaminants, cleaning
  agents

• Garage
• auto engine, lawn mower, paints and hobby
  materials, pesticides
• Furnace room
• forced air furnace, humidifiers, dehumidifiers,
  gas appliances

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Figure 15.2 de Nevers

• NO2 concentrations during the year in the
  kitchen, bedroom and outdoors

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Figure 15.3 de Nevers

• PM2.5 concentrations during several weeks,
  personal, indoor,outdoor

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SIMPLE BOX MODEL OF RESIDENTIAL INDOOR AIR -
Steady State
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SIMPLE BOX MODEL OF RESIDENTIAL INDOOR AIR -
Unsteady State
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Figure 15.4 de Nevers

• Building air model

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AIR CIRCULATION AND EXCHANGE

• Circulation of 6-9 air exchanges per hour (some
  outside air, some recirculation)
• Dining room occupancy, 70 people/1000 ft2
• Fresh outside air requirements
• Smoking 35 cfm/person
• Non-smoking 7 cfm/person
• Infiltration rate for typical home
• 0.5 - 2 air exchanges per hour
• (closed doors and windows)

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STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING POLLUTANTS IN INDOR AIR

• Source control
• Ventilation
• Air cleaners

Decreasing effectiveness