ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN POWER PLANTS

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ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN POWER PLANTS

• Frans van Aart
• Energy Efficiency in IPPC installations
• October 21, Vienna

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CONTENT

• Introduction
• Demand Side Management
• Energy Efficiency in Power Generation
• LCP and other directives
• Conclusions

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1 Introduction
?

• high efficiency is good for economy and the
  environment
• high efficiency is in line with core business
  electricity industry

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Annual average electrical efficiency
?
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1 INTRODUCTION
?

• high efficiency is good for economy and the
  environment
• high efficiency is in line with core business
  electricity industry
• reducing emissions (protection environment)
• conservation fuels (preservation of resources)
• reducing dependence on fuel import outside EC
• too high efficiencies are expensive and thus
  uneconomic
• market advantage to less efficient (cheaper)
  plants
• thus not beneficiary for the environment

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Energy Efficiency of power plant
?

• scope of definition (gross, net)
• combustion technology (installation, fuel)
• type of cooling
• ambient conditions vs. ISO conditions
• temperature cooling water / air

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Efficiency loss vs. cooling temperature
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Energy Efficiency of power plant
?

• scope of definition (gross, net)
• combustion technology (installation, fuel)
• type of cooling
• ambient conditions vs. ISO conditions
• temperature cooling water / air
• operating load
• annual average vs. guaranteed performance
• no fixed figures that can be compared right away

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2 DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT

• reducing energy demand good principle
• not the task of power industry, but of spatial
  planners, architects etcetera
• not in scope BREF Energy Efficiency but in scope
  Directive Energy end-use efficiency and energy
  services
• framework conditions and not an over-detailed
  set of rules that could interfere with the
  development of the electricity market

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3 EFFICIENCY IN POWER GENERATION

• Efficiency figure depends on
• type of generation

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Efficiency in Electricity Generation
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3 EFFICIENCY IN POWER GENERATION

• Efficiency figure depends on
• type of generation
• condition of power plant (operation, maintenance)
• ambient conditions
• design of power plant
• ultra super critical steam boilers

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Improved boiler materials ? improved steam
parameters
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3 EFFICIENCY IN POWER GENERATION

• Efficiency figure depends on
• type of generation
• condition of power plant (operation, maintenance)
• ambient conditions
• design of power plant
• ultra super critical steam boilers
• gas turbine based power plant
• higher firing temperature
• supercritical steam parameters HRSG

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BAT and BAT levels (coal / lignite)
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BAT and BAT levels (biomass / peat)
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BAT and BAT levels (gaseous fuels)
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4 LCP AND OTHER DIRECTIVES

• Directive 2004/8/EC Promotion of cogeneration
• powerful instrument to improve fuel utilisation

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Fuel utilisation instead of efficiency

• thermal efficiency and electrical efficiency are
  apples and oranges
• cogeneration efficiency ? fuel utilisation

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BAT and BAT levels (Cogeneration)
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LCP and other directives

• Directive 2004/8/EC Promotion of cogeneration
• powerful instrument to improve fuel utilisation
• fuel utilisation dependent on long term heat
  demand (district heating or process heat)
• in case heat delivery feasible
• cogeneration can be considered as BAT

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LCP and other directives

• Directive 2004/8/EC Promotion of cogeneration
• Directive 2003/87/EC Greenhouse gas emission
  allowance trading

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Emission Trading Directive

• Market mechanism will result in
• lower emissions
• higher efficiency
• No definition of BAT or BAT levels for energy
  efficiency of LCP in BREF Energy Efficiency
  (Article 26)

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Article 26 Emission Trading Directive

• the permit shall not include an emission limit
  value for direct emissions of that gas
  unless,...
• Member States may choose not to impose
  requirements relating to energy efficiency in
  respect of combustion units or other units
  emitting carbon dioxide on the site.

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OPTIONS FOR EXTRA REGULATIONS

• Goal should be
• public demonstration that optimal efficiency is
  applied
• Practical options
• Drafting Energy Plans to optimize economically
  feasible options
• Benchmarking against "World Class Plants"

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6 CONCLUSIONS

• The efficiency of Power Plants has been improved
  and will be improved continuously
• To be demonstrated by
• Energy plans
• Benchmarking
• No BAT or BAT levels for LCP in BREF Energy
  Efficiency (not in line with a liberalized
  market)
• Framework conditions and not an over-detailed set
  of rules
• real assistance licensing authorities for
  permitting an installation

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