Energy

1
Energy

• Six Varieties

2
Energy

• Difficult to define has no substance
• The ability to perform work
• Counterpart to matter
• E mc2 Einstein work in physics led to
  this discovery
• Matter and energy are two forms of the same thing
• Measured in joules (J)
• Equivalent to lifting a small apple one meter

3

• Potential energy
• Stored energy, i.e., energy that may be released
  in the future
• Sources gravity, elasticity, chemicals
• Kinetic energy
• Energy of motion, or, released potential energy
• Product of mass and velocity

4
Six Varieties

• Mechanical Energy
• Basic energy of motion
• Either kinetic or potential
• Work done can be considered mechanical energy

5
Chemical Energy

• Stored in chemical bonds
• In attractive forces between atoms and molecules
• Powers flashlights, automobiles
• Organisms utilize chemical energy to live (food)
• Combustion

6

• Endothermic
• Heat absorbing event
• Ice packs, evaporation
• Exothermic
• Heat releasing event
• Sodium Hydroxide and water, condensation

7
Heat Energy

• Amount of kinetic energy in a substances
  atoms/molecules
• Different from temperature
• Temperature average measure of kinetic energy
• Heat total energy
• Large warm pool vs boiling pot of water
• Pool high heat, low temperature
• Pot of water low heat, high temperature

8
Electrical Energy

• Electric charge
• Property of subatomic particles (protons,
  electrons)
• Used in electronics to do work

9
Electromagnetic Energy (Radiation)

• Light energy
• Visible, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma
  rays
• Comes in photon packets
• Behaves like matter and/or energy, depending on
  the situation
• Wave/particle duality

10
Nuclear Energy

• Energy from subatomic bonds
• Nuclear force fundamental force
• When nuclear bonds are broken
• Nuclear explosion
• E mc2 tremendous energy from little mass

11
Conservation of Energy

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed
• Law of conservation of matter and energy
• Energy can be transformed from one type to another

12
Energy Transformation

• Any type can be transformed into any other type
• Light and heat are related
• Mechanical to electric, vice versa
• Chemical to heat