3rd4th Lesson

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3rd-4th Lesson

• By Christos N. Hadjichristidis

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Todays attractions

• ???? ???S? ?????S (The beginning is half the
  whole) Aristotle 350BC
• Review of tricky diphthong/double-consonants
  sounds
• Simple grammar ( articles, nouns, pronouns, the
  verb to be, .)
• Saying what nationality you are and where you are
  from and whether you are on holidays or business
  (Nationalities activity)
• Using the numbers 0 12 (International song
  competition activity)
• Watch a short movie about Greece

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(No Transcript)
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Two letter vowels (diphthongs)
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Two letter vowels (diphthongs)
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Lets Practice try to pronounce the following
words
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Double-vowels are pronounced separately if

• A diaeresis diacritic (i.e. ) falls upon the
  second of the two adjacent vowels (i.e. ?a?d????
  donkey gen.).
• An accent falls upon the first of the two
  adjacent vowels (i.e. ???da??? donkey nom).
• However, if the accent falls upon the second of
  the two adjacent vowels then a diaeresis is
  needed in order for the vowels to be pronounced
  separately! (i.e. ?a??? wooden boat, ketch).

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Try to pronounce the following tricky words
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Two-letters consonants
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Two-letters consonants (double sounds)
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Lets Practice try to pronounce the following
words
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Two same-letter consonants (one letter sound)
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Two same-letter consonants (one letter sound)
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Lets Practice try to pronounce the following
words
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Try to guess the meaning

• You've learned the entire Greek alphabet, plus
  the double vowels and double consonants. At this
  point, you should be able to read any Greek word
  that you see. Try your hand at it. These words
  are called cognates, which means that they are
  words that sound like words you already know in
  English. Hint some of them are names of cities
  and countries.

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Try to guess the meaning
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Nouns

• In English as in Greek a noun is a word that
  names a person, thing or concept (e.g. ??t?a?
  man, ßas???ssa queen, e?p?da (hope))
• Every Greek noun belongs to one of the following
  gender classes masculine, feminine or neutral.
  These do not correspond to the division between
  male, female and inanimate.

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Some Examples
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How on Earth we can guess the gender of a given
Greek noun?

• Some tips
• All masculine nouns (nominative/singular) ends in
  ?
• Almost all feminine nouns end in either a or ?
• Most neuter nouns end in ?, ?, or µa
• Of course, there are exceptions, and there are
  those words ending in ??, which can be any
  gender.

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Luckily for us, nouns don't exist in isolation.
In Greek, as in English, you'll almost always
find a noun in company with an article...

• But before diving into definite/indefinite
  article we must discuss number case since in
  Greek articles are declined for gender, number
  and case (Oh dear!)
• In Greek, number is always indicated in the
  inflection of noun phrases. Almost all nouns,
  pronouns and determiners have one set of case
  forms for the singular and another for the plural
  (exceptions indeclinable nouns of foreign origin
  i.e. µp??µa?, e??t, p??t? all the letters of
  the names of the letters of the Greek alphabet)
  

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Case
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Case continued..

• Thus, for each of the two numbers each noun has a
  set of endings which indicates the syntactical
  function of the case in the clause
• Ready for a big Surprise?
• We do this in English, too
• It only happens with pronouns, and you probably
  never even notice it until someone points out how
  they change their form when their usage changes
• She went to the store. The clerk greeted her
  and handed over a small package. The new camera
  was hers at last!

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The forms of the definite article
Has a ? ending when the word immediately
following begins with a vowel or with any of the
following consonants/consonant combinations ?,
p, t ,??, µp, ?t, ?, ?
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The forms of the indefinite article
The forms of the indefinite article are identical
to those of the numeral one, except of the
feminine (µ?a) which are pronounced as one
syllable, while those of the numeral can be
pronounced as two-syllable word (µ?a)
The final n is not obligatory and may be used
before words beginning with a vowel or any of the
consonants ?, p, t, ? or ?
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Some examples

• Masculine in a? (?e?t??a? neighbor). Fill in
  the appropriate definite and indefinite article

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Some examples

• Masculine in a?. Try to decline the word
  (µ??t??a? agent)

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Some examples

• Masculine in a?. Try to decline the word
  (a????a? elbow). Tip Nouns stressed in the
  penultimate syllable have no shift of stress!

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Some examples

• Feminine in a (e?p?da hope). Fill in the
  appropriate definite and indefinite article

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Some examples

• Feminine in a. Try to decline the word (µ?t??a
  mother).

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Some examples

• Feminine in a. Try to decline the word
  (???µa?a scale).

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Some examples

• Neutral in o (??at?? - theatre). Fill in the
  appropriate definite and indefinite article

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Some examples

• Neutral in o. Decline the noun ????? (horse)

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Greek numbers 0-12
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The verb to be

• The verb to be is irregular, i.e. the pattern
  of the personal endings is not the same as for
  any other verb, so it needs to be memorized. The
  present tense form follows

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Countries Nationalities
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International Song Competition Activity

• ?a??sp??a sa? (or an all purpose greeting). ??µa?
  ap? t?? ????da. ? ßa?µ?????a e??a?
• ??p??? (make a wild guess!)- 12!
• ?????a 10
• ???a?d?a 9
• S??t?a 7
• ??st?a??a 5
• ??a??a 4
• ?µe???? - 0

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Dialogue practice