LIBSPOSSOC 245: City and Citizenship 04072004

1
LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship04/07/2004

• Course Agenda this evening.
• Readings/Lecture.
• Outline assignment distributed/discussed.
• Outline due 04/21/2004.
• Paper due 05/05/2004.
• Plagiarism. Electronic copy must be submitted via
  e-mail or disk.
• Outsourcing - update and presentation.
• Ethnic enclaves and elections. Cuban-American
  Example.
• Urban Sprawl.
• Traffic congestion.
• Consequences of sprawl.
• Presentations.
• Outsourcing - Tejas Education - Cassie and
  Sharese Race Riot of 1919 - Trina Al Capone -
  Gloria.

2
LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship04/07/2004

• Globalization and Urban Spaces.
• John Ralston Saul article.
• Harpers.
• Immigration.
• Outsourcing.
• Tejas Presentation.
• IBM recent purchase of Indian company.
• One the largest outsourcing companies, Daksh.

3
LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship04/07/2004

• Functional Fiefdoms.
• Education Policy and Institutions.
• Cities share responsibility with counties and
  special districts for education.
• Federal guidelines and funding.
• Bias and education.
• Economics, taxation.
• Ethnicity.
• Curriculum development.
• Violence and crime on campus.
• Civil liberties, privacy and schools.
• Harrigan and Vogel discuss attempted
  decentralization.
• Chicago public school system. Catalyst. CPS.
• Presentations.

4
LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship04/07/2004

• Ethnic Enclaves and elections.
• Cuban-American community as example.
• CNN Video 2 minutes.
• Other examples from readings, lecture,
  presentations related to above.
• Ethnicity, war, and urban violence.
• Post war riots.
• Tulsa riot can be considered somewhat analogous
  to Chicago riot 1919.
• Post-war release of underlying ethnic tensions.
• Sense of grievance from returning ethnic or
  ideological minorities.
• Plays role in urban riots of 1960s as well.
• Presentation.

5
LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship04/07/2004

• Urban Sprawl.
• Sprawl as distinguishing feature of US urban
  development.
• Chicagoland and sprawl.
• Multicentered metropolis poses many problems.
• Administratively complex.
• Jurisdictions do not dovetail with geographic
  range of problems.
• Sewer and water supplies.
• Low density settlement.
• Zoning difficulties.
• Long commute times and gridlock.
• Definitions of sprawl.
• EPA 3 hourse per acre.
• Urban Mobility Report 2003.
• American Highway Users Alliance (AHUA).
• CNN Story.

6
LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship04/07/2004

• Sprawl and suburb as distopic space.
• Supposed to satisfy American Dream.
• Low crime, good services, education, home
  ownership.
• Downs.
• Home ownership.
• Car w/o traffic.
• Edge cities.
• Small communities good local government.
• No signs of poverty or other political/social/cult
  ural problems or conflict.
• Conformity and suburbs.
• Problems with low density vision.
• Excessive travel.
• Lack of affordable housing.

7
LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship04/07/2004

• Housing development.
• Suburbs do not provide opportunity for low income
  residents to leave urban cores.
• Regulations and zoning promote large high cost
  homes.
• Contributes to gridlock by forcing workers to
  commute from inner cities to suburbs.
• Spatial mistmatch between job opportunities and
  housing.
• Infrastructure problems.
• Bonds.
• Development taxes.
• Stalemate.
• New Regionalism.
• Extensions of central-city boundary to
  incorporate sprawl.
• Has failed for a host of reasons.

8
LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship04/07/2004

• Smart growth as possible solution.
• Mix land uses.
• Compact building design.
• Housing opportunities.
• Walkable communities.
• Communities with sense of place.
• Open space.
• Reinforce existing communities, not create new
  developments.
• Public transportation opportunities increased.
• Transparent and fair development.
• Community Involvement.

9
LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship04/07/2004

• New urbanism.
• Critique of suburbs.
• Kunstler.
• Suburbs poorly designed and cheaply built.
• Post-World War II development historical
  discontinuity.
• Suburbs signify loss hear and soul.
• New urbanist agenda.
• Change zoning regulations.
• Encourage community and mixed use development.
• Unintended consequence of reforms.
• Automobile scale development impedes a sense of
  community.
• NIMBYism continues to propel sprawl.
• Increase density of settlement.

10
LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship04/07/2004

• Sprawl - stage in development of new urban areas?
• Defenders of sprawl.
• Gordon and Richardson.
• Critics of sprawl overstate dangers of sprawl.
• Clash of values.
• Anti-sprawl coalition not altruistic.
• New regionalism coalition of growth machine of
  urban cores, environmentalists, and neighborhood
  groups.
• Relies on excessive government intervention.
• Belief that market dynamics will reverse negative
  aspects of sprawl.
• Negative of smart growth.
• Limiting suburban growth create upward pressure
  on housing prices.
• Portland as case study of both positive and
  negative aspects of new regionalism.

11
LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship04/07/2004

• Suburban politics.
• Desire for autonomy interrupted annexation of
  suburbs.
• Suburban autonomy and conservative politics.
• Autonomy clashes with problems of development and
  necessary government services.
• Exclusion of minorities.
• Biases of suburban growth.
• Bias in favor of land speculators, real estate
  developers, large retailing enterprises.
• Bias against public good.
• Bias against community input.
• Exclusion.

12
LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship04/07/2004

• Exclusion and the suburbs.
• Exclusionary zoning.
• Minimum lot size number of bedrooms.
• Limited growth zoning.
• Aesthetic and financial.
• Subdivision requirements.
• Cost for sewers etc. pushed down to developer and
  raise housing prices.
• Building codes also raises price of housing
  stock.
• Outright discrimination despite federal Fair
  Housing Act of 1968.
• Prohibition of subsidized housing.
• Black Jack, Missouri as example.
• Possibility of nonexclusionary development.
• Westchester vs. Staten Island.

13
LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship04/07/2004

• Inclusionary zoning.
• Mixed income developments encouraged.
• Suburbs and Women.
• Myth of homogenous suburbs.
• Not friendly to single parent families.
• Poor public transit - isolation.
• Lack of satisfaction with lifestyle.
• Consequences.
• Disconnect of public needs and resources.
• Need for government reform.
• How to address biases.

14
LIBS/POS/SOC 245 City and Citizenship04/07/2004

• Spinney - Chicago .
• Prohibition - unintended consequences of reform.
• Power of organized criminal enterprises.
• Presentation - Al Capone and organized crime in
  Chicago area.
• Parallels with present day War on Drugs.
• How to deal with covert markets and regulation of
  vice.
• Primarily falls on local government to enforce
  regulations.