Introduction to Swine Production AS 478

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Introduction to Swine Production AS 478

• January 11, 2005

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Pig History

• Roamed forests swamps in Asia and Europe 40
  million years ago
• By 4900 domesticated in China
• Raised in Europe by 1500 BC
• Columbus took pigs to Cuba
• De Soto, father of the US pork industry, landed
  13 pigs in Tampa Bay, FL in 1539
• Feral animals (omnivores)

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History (cont)

• Sir Walter Raleigh brought pigs to Jamestown
  Colony in 1607
• On Manhattan Island, a solid wall was constructed
  to keep roaming pigs out
• Pennsylvania became 1st hog state
• Started feeding pigs Native American corn (maize)
• Pioneers took pigs West with them
• Source of meat fat

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History (cont)

• As industry grew, needed commercial packing
  plants
• 1st commercial packing plant was in Cincinnati
  (Porkopolis)
• Drove pigs to markets or railroads
• 1 person handled 100 hogs
• Moved 5-8 miles/day
• Covered distances up to 700 miles

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History (cont)

• Refrigerated railcars developed after the Civil
  War
• Slaughter plants moved to where the hogs were
• Development of the Terminal Markets
• Chicago
• Kansas City
• St. Joseph
• Sioux City

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History (cont)

• Packing plants built near terminal markets
• Pigs located to where the grain was
• Corn Belt or Hog Belt
• Until the 1960s, hogs were raised on small
  family farms farrowed twice/year
• Mortgage lifters
• In the 1980s, pigs started moving to
  non-traditional areas (NC, AR, OK, UT)

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Reasons for the Pig Exodus

• Integration
• Climate Facilities
• Labor
• sharecropper mentality
• Used to the poultry model
• Isolation
• Closer to the East Coast
• Legislation

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• http//www.thepigsite.com/FeaturedArticle/Default.
  asp?Display1213

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Per Capita US Meat Consumption, lbs
Total
202.6
207.3
214.1
230.8
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World Per Capita Pork Consumption(lbs, Carcass
Weight)

• Czech Republic 130.9
• Taiwan 88.8
• Poland 84.3
• Hungary 83.4
• EU 78.6
• Canada 76.4
• China 72.3
• United States 64.9

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Reasons for Increased Pork Consumption

• Growth in world population
• Economic growth of developing countries
• Shift in preferences
• The demand for pork will double over the next 25
  years (IFPRI, 1997)

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If China increases per capita pork consumption by
½ lb per year, theyll need another 11,286,682
pigs!!!
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Top Pork Producing Countries

• Inventory
• China 455,000,000 head
• European Union 123,012,000
• United States 58,774,000
• Brazil 32,710,000
• Canada 13,060,000
• Poland 17,400,000
• Russia 16,070,000
• Japan, Korea, Mexico, Philippines, Vietnam

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Top Pork Exporting Countries

• European Union
• Canada
• United States
• Brazil
• China
• Hungary
• Poland

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• Top US Export Markets
• Japan
• Mexico
• Canada
• Russia
• Korea
• Taiwan
• Hong Kong
• China

• Top Pork Importing Countries
• Japan
• Russia
• United States
• Mexico
• Hong Kong
• Korea
• Canada
• European Union

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Number of US Hog Operations
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Future Challenges/Opportunities
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Terminology General Knowledge

• Porcine
• Pork
• Gilt
• Boar
• Barrow
• Sow

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Terminology General Knowledge

• Weaning 14 to 28 days
• Iso-wean pig weaned at 14 to 17 days
• Nursery pig placed in a nursery room for 6-8
  weeks (leaves at 40-65 lbs)
• Grow-Finish takes pigs from nursery raises to
  market weight (250 lbs)
• Wean-to-finish weaned pigs are placed directly
  into a finishing barn
• Takes approx 180 days to reach mkt wt

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Terminology General Knowledge

• Sow has a gestation period of 114 days
• In general, 1 sow has approximately 10 pigs at
  any one time
• Can get 2.4 litters/sow/year or more
• From 40-250 lbs, it takes 3 lbs of feed to get 1
  lb of gain
• Roughly, 3 grow-finish pigs eat 1 ton of feed
• Roughly, 1 pig eats 10 bu of corn 150 lbs of SBM

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Daily Slaughter Capacity

• 376,520 pigs per day
• Players
• Changes in kill capacity
• 102 million max annual capacity
• Canadian hogs

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How did Uncle Sam come to represent the U.S.
Government?