Luis A Cifuentes

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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES)
Program Local Benefits With Global Results

• Luis A Cifuentes
• P. Catholic University of Chile
• In Session Workshop on Mitigation
• 23 May 2005

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Contents

• Overview of the IES Program
• Relevant results from some participating
  countries
• Conclusions

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IES U.S. EPAs Integrated Environmental
Strategies Program

• Established in 1998 as a capacity-enhancing
  co-benefits program with a focus on GHG
  reductions.
• Partners local teams in developing countries with
  experts and tools from U.S. EPA, other IES
  projects, and other organizations (e.g., U.S.
  AID, NREL).
• Identifies and analyzes integrated (i.e.,
  greenhouse-gas mitigation and air quality)
  strategies and co-benefits.

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What are integrated measures?
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What are co-benefits?

• All the beneficial outcomes of a policy that
  reduces two or more air emissions simultaneously.
  
• For IES, reductions in emissions of greenhouse
  gases as well as local, conventional air
  pollutants.
• Includes human health benefits and associated
  economic benefits due to reduced local air
  pollution.

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Co-Benefits Framework
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IES goals

• Identify strategies that reduce GHG emissions and
  improve local air quality while meeting public
  health, economic development objectives.
• Provide stakeholders with quantitative estimates
  of global and local co-benefits of policies and
  technologies.
• Engage stakeholders to lay groundwork for
  implementation of cost-effective air quality
  management strategies.
• Build analytical, institutional, and human
  capacity for multidisciplinary analysis of GHG
  mitigation, health, and environmental impacts of
  alternative strategies.
• Transfer tools and methodologies for co-benefits
  analysis.

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Participating Countries
Countries with IES projects China, India,
Philippines, South Korea, Argentina, Brazil,
Chile, Mexico
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IES analytical approach
Data
Data inputs
Energy GHG mitigation scenarios
Projected GHG/pollutant emissions
Projected concentrations
Projected health benefits end points
Models
Health effects models
Energy/ emissions models
Air quality models
Economic valuation models
Projected economic benefits end points
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Challenges of the Analysis

• Emissions data
• Moving from emission inventories to exposure
  levels
• Health Impacts Quantification
• Cost analysis

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How can IES help

• Provides expertise in key issues
• Emissions inventories
• Transport modeling
• Atmospheric Modeling
• Health Impacts Quantification
• Two specific models for quantify and value
  reduced health impacts
• BenMap
• Apheba
• Network of IES teams provides help and cooperation

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Overview of BenMAP Model
(4) Health impact functions (incidence modeling)
(5) Aggregation and pooling of results
(6) Valuation functions (benefits modeling)
(3) Characterizing air quality changes (model and
monitor data)
(7) Uncertainty analysis
(2) BenMAP data needs and data input
(8) BenMAP flexibility and its application in
supporting specialized analyses and research
(1) OVERVIEW incidence and benefits calculation
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BenMAP Data Needs linkages and interdependencies
GIS coverage (map) of study area
Monitored air quality data
Modeled (gridded) air quality data
Demographic data (projected to future simulation
year)
Baseline disease incidence prevalence data
(projected to future simulation year)

• Health impact functions
• chronic
• time-series (ecologic)

Economic valuation functions
Income elasticity studies
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APHEBA Air Pollution Health Effects Benefits
Analysis model
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Key Results from IES studies
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In general, there is correlation between global
and local pollutant emissions reductions
Emission Reductions in Seoul
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Reductions of emissions of GHG and PM2.5
precursors are usually correlated
Santiago Study
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2 Health benefits usually overcome the cost of
measures
Hyderabad Study
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3 Health benefits are usually larger than GHG
benefits
México City Study

• Source McKinley et al 2005. (CO2 reductions
  valued at US 7(2-22) per ton)

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4. The ranking of the measures changes when
global benefits are considered
México City Study

• (Source McKinley et al 2005) CO2 reductions
  valued at US 7(2-22) per ton

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Since the rankings are not exactly the
sameSantiago Study
Source Cifuentes et al 2000
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5. IES results have found their way into local
policy-making

• Examples of IES Analysis Integrated into
  On-Going Planning Efforts
• Santiago (Chile) Decontamination Plan
• Shanghai (China) 10th and 11th Five Year Plan
• Beijing (China) 2008 Olympics AQ Plan
• Seoul (Korea) Air Quality Management Plan
• Mexico City (Mexico) PROAIRE Plan
• Philippines Clean Air Act Evaluation

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Summary IES tools/resources

• IES Handbook Guidance document for policymakers,
  technicians
• International version of manual for EPAs
  Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis
  Program (BenMAP) software
• Air Pollution Health Benefits Assessment Model
  (APHEBA) users guide and training course.
• Will provide a resource for conducting health
  benefits assessments of changes in air pollution
  concentrations.
• Training course and materials on health benefits
  analysis.
• Will provide basic information and training to
  country experts with conducting health benefits
  analysis as part of integrated environmental
  analysis projects.
• Reduced form analytical tools and methodologies
  
• Will support analysis of air pollution and GHG
  mitigation co-benefits where local data for
  detailed analysis of air pollution public health
  benefits is lacking.

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Final Comments

• The IES program has so far succeeded in
  developing integrated analyses in many countries,
  engaging local policy makers and building local
  capacity. Many of these analysis would not have
  been performed otherwise.
• The analysis of integrated measures shows that
  most of them have a positive correlation between
  GHG and local air pollutant reductions
• However, for most measures, public health
  benefits are an order of magnitude bigger than
  the potential benefits from carbon reduction

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For more information

• Katherine Sibold, IES Program Manager
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• Washington, DC
• sibold.katherine_at_epa.gov or 1 202 343-9280
• ies_at_epa.gov
• http//www.epa.gov/ies