Life Behind the Lines

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Life Behind the Lines
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Politics in the South

• South created a constitution similar to the US
  constitution. Differences
• More emphasis on states rights
• Recognized slavery
• Instituted a draft
• All white men between 18-35 had to serve 3 years.
  Later changed to 45, then to 50
• Sought recognition from Europe

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Politics in the North

• Republicans firmly in control. Few Democrats left
• In May 1863, Lincoln institutes a draft
• Major race riots in NYC last for 3 days
• Lincoln suspends writ of habeas corpus
• Thousands are jailed w/out trials
• Also uses martial law to keep order

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Emancipation Proclamation

• Lincoln did not believe he had the power to
  abolish slavery
• However, on January 1, 1863 Lincoln issues the
  Emancipation Proclamation
• Only frees those slaves that are living in areas
  controlled by the Confederacy doesnt free
  those in the border states or those in areas
  controlled by Union forces

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Southern Economy

• South faced with a food shortage
• Some who grew cotton were unwilling to convert to
  growing food
• South also suffered from inflation and
  profiteering
• What is profiteering?

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Northern Economy

• Industries that relied on Southern cotton were
  hurt
• Most industries in the North profited from the
  war
• Especially those businesses who made goods for
  the war effort

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The Tide of War Turns

• Emancipation to Assassination

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The Battle of Gettysburg

• In 1862 and 1863 the South wins key battles in
  Virginia
• There is growing unease in the North some
  called for making peace with the South
• In May 1863 Lee moves his army north into PA

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The Battle Unfolds

• The Battle of Gettysburg raged for 3 days
• The South took the advantage on the 1st day
• Northern reinforcements arrive
• Lees army is defeated and retreats to VA
• Casualties on both sides exceeded 50,000

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The Gettysburg Address

• Lincoln traveled to Gettysburg after the battle
  to dedicate a cemetery
• The guest speaker was actually Edward Everett
• Gave a 2 hour speech
• Lincoln was asked to say a few words, which
  became his famous 2 minute Gettysburg Address

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The Gettysburg Address

• Four score and seven years ago our fathers
  brought forth on this continent a new nation,
  conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the
  proposition that all men are created equal.
• Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing
  whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived
  and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on
  a great battle-field of that war. We have come to
  dedicate a portion of that field, as a final
  resting place for those who here gave their lives
  that that nation might live. It is altogether
  fitting and proper that we should do this.
• But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicatewe
  can not consecratewe can not hallowthis ground.
  The brave men, living and dead, who struggled
  here, have consecrated it, far above our poor
  power to add or detract. The world will little
  note, nor long remember what we say here, but it
  can never forget what they did here. It is for us
  the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the
  unfinished work which they who fought here have
  thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us
  to be here dedicated to the great task remaining
  before us that from these honored dead we take
  increased devotion to that cause for which they
  gave the last full measure of devotion that we
  here highly resolve that these dead shall not
  have died in vain that this nation, under God,
  shall have a new birth of freedom and that
  government of the people, by the people, for the
  people, shall not perish from the earth.

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Ulysses S. Grant

• Lincoln puts U.S. Grant in command of all Union
  armies in the East
• He refused to retreat, unlike the other generals
  before him
• He followed Lees army all the way to Georgia
  even after suffering 65,000 casualties along the
  way

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Shermans March

• Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman
• Grants number 1 general
• Captures Atlanta and burns it down
• He cuts a path thru Georgia all the way to
  Savannah leaving a 300 mile path of destruction

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The 13th Amendment

• The Emancipation Proclamation was only valid
  during time of war
• There needed to be an amendment to make it
  permanent
• Congress waited until Lincoln was re-elected in
  1864 to attempt to pass the 13th amendment
• In April, 1864, the Senate passed the 13th
  amendment abolishing slavery in the United States

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Surrender at Appomattox

• April,9 1865
• Lees army had been reduced to 35,000 troops
• Union soldiers completely surrounded the
  Confederacy at Appomattox, Virginia
• Lee decided to surrender his army to Grant
• Conditions of Surrender
• Southern soldiers could return home and would not
  be punished as traitors
• Grants army would feed the starving Confederate
  soldiers
• The rebels are our countrymen again

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Lincolns Assassination

• A secret southern conspiracy led by John Wilkes
  Booth met in D.C.
• Plotted to kidnap Lincoln in exchange for
  prisoners of war
• After the south surrendered, JWB decided to
  assassinate the president
• April 1865Lincoln and his wife were at Fords
  Theater. Booth shoots Lincoln in head he dies
  the next morning
• JWB escapes but is tracked down and killed in VA
  12 days later

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