Egypt

1
Egypt

• Chapter 4
• 3100 B.C.- 671 B.C.

2
The Nile

• River flows north from central Africa to
  Mediterranean sea
• end it branches in to a Fan- shaped area of
  fertile land, called Delta

3
The Nile

• Cataracts- waterfalls, used as protection from
  foreign invasions
• Deserts and seas also helped

4
The Nile

• Nile overflowed providing fertile soil for crops
• Flax, wheat, barley, and grapes

5
The Nile

• Basins- bowl shaped holes used to hold water
• Shadoof- machine used to lift water from Nile to
  basin

6
The Old Kingdom

• Upper Egypt- in southern part of Nile River
• Lower Egypt- in north Delta
• Narmer or Menes- king of upper Egypt

7
The Old Kingdom

• He conquered lower Egypt and married a Princess
• White crown, red crown, and many names
• Cities were center of religion and govt

8
The Old Kingdom

• Most people were farmers, lived in villages on
  large estates
• Did field work and raised cattle

9
The Pharaoh

• Strength and unity came from ruler
• Kings were called Pharaoh, great house
• Ruler, Priest, and God
• Owned all land

10
The Pharaoh

• Granaries- buildings for storing grain, prevent
  starvation of area
• Treated with respect, playing on instruments or
  bowing of knees

11
The Pyramids

• Great tombs
• Built by the people to represent feeling for the
  Pharaoh

12
The Pyramids

• Houses of Eternity on the west bank of Nile
• Protect body after death, buried with possessions

13
The Pyramids

• Farmers worked in 3 summer flood months
• Made of granite and limestone blocks

14
Religious Beliefs

• Believed in many gods
• Hapi- river god brought water and fertile soil
• Re- sun god helped crops grow

15
Religious Beliefs

• Osiris- god of harvest and eternal life, early
  pharaoh taught farming
• If person lived good life life after death

16
Religious Beliefs

• Book of the Dead- studied to learn spells
• Embalming- preserve dead bodies

17
Religious Beliefs

• Believed soul couldnt live w/out body
• Mummy- wrapped body, after dried and shrunken

18
The New Kingdom

• Ahmose- pharaoh during rich and growing times
• Thutmose iii- warrior/ pharaoh army of 20,000
• Punt- city of trade

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The New Kingdom

• Ebony- black wood
• incense- material that is burnt for a pleasant
  smell

20
Religion

• Amon- Re- most powerful god
• Temples- house of worship, industry, and school
• Scribe- right passed dad to son

21
Scribes

• Wrote religious works
• Kept records of pharaohs laws and lists
• Copied tales and stories
• Hieroglyphics- pics stand for words and sounds

22
Decline of Egypt

• Amenhotep IV- pharaoh that made changes in power
  and religion
• Changed to Akhenaton, spirit of Aton
• New religion- one god

23
Decline of Egypt

• Amenhotep IV died 1360 b.c.
• 1150b.c.- empire was gone
• Taken over by Assyrians in 671b.c.

24
Contributions

• Papyrus- a reed used to make paper
• Invented ink to record events on papyrus
• Baskets, sandals, rafts and riverboats

25
Contributions...

• Mathematics- number system, based on 10
• Geometry- used to survey land
• Calendar- 3 seasons, 120 days each, 5 feast days

26
Contributions to Medicine...

• First specialist
• From eyes to feet
• Used splints and etc.
• Set broken bones
• Treated hair loss and indigestion