John Reinhardt

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John Reinhardt FAA Fire Safety Section, AAR-422
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Minimum Performance Standard for Aircraft Cargo
Compartment Fire Suppression Systems
BULK LOAD FIRES
CONTAINERIZED FIRES
AEROSOL CAN EXPLOSION SIMULATION
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS FIRE
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BULK LOAD FIRE TEST
Fire Load 178 card board boxes (30 of Vol.)
containing 2.5 lbs of shredded paper
Ignition nichrome wire wrapped around folded
paper towels
System Activation 1 min. after one of the
ceiling T/C reaches 200 oF
Test Duration Five tests _at_ 30 minutes each
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CONTAINERIZED FIRE TEST
Fire Load 33 card board boxes inside an LD3.
Three LD3 in Compartment
Ignition nichrome wire wrapped around folded
paper towels
System Activation 1 min. after one of the
ceiling T/C reaches 200 oF
Test Duration Five tests _at_ 30 minutes each
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SURFACE BURN FIRE TEST
Fire Load 0.5 U.S. Gallon of Jet A fuel (with
13 oz of gasoline)
Ignition Arc created by two spark plugs
System Activation 1 min. after one of the
ceiling T/C reaches 200 oF
Test Duration 5 minutes
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AEROSOL CAN EXPLOSION SIMULATION
Fire Load 58 card board boxes containing 2.5
lbs of shredded paper
Ignition nichrome wire wrapped around folded
paper towels
System Activation 1 min. after one of the
ceiling T/C reaches 200 oF
Activate Simulator when one of the cans temp.
reaches 400 oF (or test time 29 minutes)
Test Duration Five tests _at_ 30 minutes each
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• Water Mist System
• Water Mist System Combined
• With Nitrogen

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High Pressure/Class I Water Mist System

• High Pressure Pump (1150 psig)
• 125 Gallon Water Tank (Pressurized to 40 psig)
• Solenoid Valves
• Number of Nozzles 32
• Nozzle Angle 90o Down
• Max Flow Rate per Nozzle 0.10 gpm
• Number of Zones 4
• Nozzles per Zone 8
• Droplet size 70 to 100 microns
• Distance Between Nozzles 16
• Distance Between Zones 30
• Activation Controller (Trigger Temperature - 212
  oF)

Environmental Engineering Concepts
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• ACTIVATION CONTROL LOGIC
• Two zones near fire will turn on for 5 minutes
  to knock down flames and cool down the cargo
  compartment.
• After the 5 minutes
• - A zone will turn on only if the temperature
  near the zone exceeds 212 oF turn off if
  temperature is below it.
• - All zones will turn on if the ceiling
  temperature exceeds 350 oF.

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WATER MIST SYSTEM
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WATER MIST SYSTEM
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WATER MIST SYSTEM
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WATER MIST SYSTEM
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• - High Pressure/Class I Water Mist System (As
  described before)
• - Nitrogen System consisted of
• 16 Cylinders Size-T Nitrogen Bank
• Two Matheson Model 3020 Regulators
• System Flow Rate 37.5 CFM to 89.3 CFM
• Pneumatic Valve
• One inch plumbing network
• 5 Nozzles (5/8 ID)
• Activation was controlled by the volumetric
  concentration of Oxygen (10) in the cargo
  compartment (Closed loop control system)

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WATER MIST SYSTEM WITH NITROGEN
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WATER MIST SYSTEM WITH NITROGEN
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WATER MIST SYSTEM WITH NITROGEN
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WATER MIST SYSTEM WITH NITROGEN
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• A class I, high pressure water mist system did
  not pass the MPS for aircraft cargo compartments
  due to its incapability to inert the compartment
  against a HC explosion.
• The same water mist system combined with a
  nitrogen system passed the MPS with a competitive
  weight factor.

The weight advantage will come from using the
proposed fuel tanks OBIGGS system for nitrogen
generation.