Introduction to

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Introduction to Troop Leading Procedures
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Introduction to Troop Leading Procedures

• Task
• Familiarize Cadets with Troop Leading Procedures
  and supporting tactics, techniques and
  procedures.
• Condition
• Given class presentation and a scene from the
  movie Saving Private Ryan.
• Standard
• Use the eight step TLP process, time management
  techniques, METT-TC and OCOKA to analyze a scene
  from Saving Private Ryan.

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Tools of the Tactician
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Troop Leading Procedures (TLPs)

• The process a leader goes through to prepare a
  unit to accomplish a tactical mission
• Begins when a leader is alerted to a (new)
  mission
• Steps may not follow a rigid sequence and many
  steps can be accomplished concurrently
• Time dictates the amount of detail in each step
  and analysis (METT-TC, OCOKA)

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Troop Leading Procedures
STEPS

• Receive the Mission
• Issue a Warning Order
• Make a tentative plan
• Start necessary movement
• Reconnoiter
• Complete the plan
• Issue the complete order
• Supervise

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Step 1 Receive the Mission

• Receive a mission alert in the form of a Combat
  Order
• Warning Order (WARNO)
• Operations Order (OPORD)
• Fragmentary Order (FRAGO)
• The leader immediately begins a mission analysis
  using the factors of METT-TC and the Military
  Decision Making Process
• Conduct an initial time management analysis
  using
• One-third Two-thirds Rule
• Backward Planning Process

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Step 1 Receive the Mission
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Mission Analysis
Step 1 Receive the Mission
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Step 1 Receive the Mission TIME ANALYSIS

• 1/3 - 2/3 Rule -- Determine the useable time
  available to both you and your subordinates.
• From the time you receive the mission to the
  start of mission, use only 1/3 of available time
  to plan and issue your OPORD.
• Ensure that subordinates have time to do their
  own planning and preparation.
• Use Backward Planning Process Start at the
  beginning of the mission and work backwards.
• Consider Critical Times such as
• - LD - ASSAULT
• - DEFEND NLT - HIGHER REHEARSAL
• - RECON - BEGIN/CONDUCT MVT.
• - LIMITED VISIBILITY

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Step 2 Issue a Warning Order

• Designed to give advanced notice of operations
  and initial instructions in time for subordinate
  units to begin the parallel planning process
• Issue immediately after mission analysis
• Do not sacrifice time to gain more info
• Should follow 5 paragraph field order format
• At a minimum must give
• Mission or nature of the operation
• Who is participating in the operation
• Time of operation
• Time and place for operations order

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Step 2 Issue a Warning Order
Operations Order- A Basic Outline

• Situation
• Enemy Forces
• Friendly Forces
• Attachments and Detachments
• Mission
• Execution
• Concept of the Operation
• Maneuver
• Fires
• Tasks to Maneuver Units
• Tasks to Combat Support Units
• Coordinating Instructions

• Service Support
• General
• Material and Services
• Supply
• Transportation
• Services
• Maintenance
• Medical Examinations
• Personnel
• Miscellaneous
• Command and Signal
• Command
• Signal

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Step 3 Make a Tentative Plan

• Detailed mission analysis will focus planning
• Detailed mission/situation analysis
• Development of Options
• Analysis of each option
• Comparison of all option
• Selection (Decision -- Tentative Plan)
• Can develop multiple options
• Develop into an estimate of the situation
• Use OPORD or FRAGO format
• Plan is tentative until reconnaissance is
  complete

NOTE The leader updates the estimate
continuously and refines his plan accordingly.
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Step 3 Make a Tentative Plan
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Step 4 Start Necessary Movement

• May occur at any point in the Troop Leading
  Process
• The steps do not have to be accomplished in order
• Can be conducted by subordinate leaders
• Includes movement to positions closer to LD,
  initial inspections, reconnaissance, battle drill
  rehearsals or SOP items
• If the reconnaissance reveals
  a change in the situation, the
  plan must be adjusted accordingly.

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Step 5 Reconnoiter

• Reconnaissance is used to confirm terrain and/or
  enemy analysis and tactical options
• Situation and time available dictate the type and
  detail of reconnaissance
• Map, terrain model, aerial photo, ground
• Plan and conduct a leaders
  reconnaissance for every mission.
• Consider risk inherent in moving
  forward of friendly lines, or into
  unoccupied area.

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Tools of the Tactician
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Step 6 Complete the Plan

• Develop OPORD based on tentative plan,
  reconnaissance and additional guidance.
• Review plan to ensure that the Commanders
  mission and intent is satisfied
• Consider whether reconnaissance and changes to
  current situation may change or alter tentative
  plan
• Use five paragraph format from FM
  101-5 / FM 7-8 and common tactical language
  from FM 101-5-1

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Step 7 Issue the Complete Order

• Can be issued either orally or written
• Issue while observing the combat area if
  possible
• Supplements to OPORDs
• Terrain models
• Sand Table
• Map boards/Overlays
• Sketches
• Fire Support Matrix
• All subordinates MUST understand
  the plan
• Use briefbacks

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Step 8 Supervise

• Rehearsals The leader uses rehearsals to
• Practice essential tasks (improve performance).
• Reveal weaknesses or problems in the plan.
• Coordinate the actions of subordinate elements.
  Improve soldier understanding of the concept of
  the operation (foster confidence in soldiers).
• Inspections
• Pre Combat Checks (PCCs)
  Soldier items
• Pre Combat Inspections (PCIs)
  Mission essential equipment

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Step 8 Supervise
REHEARSALS

• Must be habitual during training in order to
  effectively employ units tactically.
• Clarifies Commanders intent.
• Reinforces scheme of maneuver.
• Ensures understanding and instills confidence in
  participants.
• Provides feedback and exposes problems in the
  plan.

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Step 8 Supervise
INSPECTIONS

• Pre-Combat Inspections (PCIs)
• Weapons and ammo test fire
• Uniforms and equipment
• Mission Essential Equipment
• Soldiers understanding of mission and their
  specific responsibilities
• Communications radios, frequencies, batteries
• Rations and water
• Camouflage personnel and equipment

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Introduction to Troop Leading Procedures
1. Receive the Mission 2. Issue a Warning Order
3. Make a Tentative Plan 4. Initiate Movement
5. Reconnoiter 6. Complete the Plan 7. Issue
the Complete Order 8. Supervise
The order of these steps doesnt change Steps
4-7 are interchangeable. Step 8 occurs
throughout the process.
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Troop Leading Procedures
CHALLENGES

• Determine specified, implied, and essential tasks
• Manage available time
• Delegate during planning and preparation
• Analyze courses of action and make decisions
• Brief WARNORD, OPORD and FRAGO
• Conduct rehearsals and inspections