Introduction to Biology

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Introduction to Biology

• SC Standard B-O

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Introduction to Biology

• 0.1 Properties of living things
• 0.2 Scientific method
• 0.3 Kingdoms
• 0.4 Viruses
• 0.5 Requirements for life

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What is Science?

• Science is an organized method of using evidence
  to propose explanations for events in the natural
  world.
• Science is both
• Process of gaining knowledge
• The resulting body of knowledge

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Careers Related to Science

• What are some careers that may require a
  knowledge of science?
• Botany study of plants
• Zoology study of animals
• Genetics how traits are passed from one
  generation to the next
• Anatomy the structures of living things

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Careers Related to Science

• What are some careers that may require a
  knowledge of science?
• Taxonomy how living things can be organized
• Ecology how living things interact with one
  another and with their environments
• Microbiology living things too small to be seen
  with the unaided eye
• Medicine diagnosing, treating, and preventing
  disease

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B-0.2. Overview of Scientific Method

• The scientific method is what scientists use to
  solve problems.
• The five steps are
• State the Problem
• Hypothesis
• Experiment
• Gather Data
• Draw a Conclusion

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Experiments

• All experiments involve VARIABLES- which are
  factors that can vary or change.
• What is a controlled experiment? (p. 8)
• What is an independent variable?
• What is a dependent variable?
• What is the control group?
• What is the experimental group?

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GRAPHING DATA

• Independent variable goes on the X axis
• Dependent variable goes on the Y asis

Over time, height increases
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GRAPHING DATA

• What does this graph tell us?

Which is the dependent variable?
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GRAPHING DATA

• What does this graph tell us?

Which is the independent variable?
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ETHICS

• The study of standards for what is right and what
  is wrong

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QUALITATIVE OR QUANTATIVE

• Qualitative?
• Deals with descriptions.
• Data can be observed but not measured.
• Colors, textures, smells, tastes, appearance,
  beauty, etc.
• Qualitative ? Quality

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QUALITATIVE OR QUANTATIVE

• Example 1 ? Oil Painting
• Qualitative data
• blue/green color, gold frame
• smells old and musty
• texture shows brush strokes of oil paint
• peaceful scene of the country
• masterful brush strokes

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QUALITATIVE OR QUANTATIVE

• Example 2 ? Latte
• Qualitative data
• robust aroma
• frothy appearance
• strong taste
• burgundy cup

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QUALITATIVE OR QUANTATIVE

• Example 3 ? Junior Class
• Qualitative data
• friendly demeanors
• civic minded
• environmentalists
• positive school spirit

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QUALITATIVE OR QUANTATIVE

• Quantitative ?
• Deals with numbers.
• Data which can be measured.
• Length, height, area, volume, weight, speed,
  time, temperature, humidity, sound levels, cost,
  members, ages, etc.
• Quantitative ? Quantity 

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QUALITATIVE OR QUANTATIVE

• Example 1 ? Oil Painting
• Quantitative data
• picture is 10" by 14"
• with frame 14" by 18"
• weighs 8.5 pounds
• surface area of painting is 140 sq. in.
• cost 300

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QUALITATIVE OR QUANTATIVE

• Example 2 ? Latte
• Quantitative data
• 12 ounces of latte
• serving temperature 150º F.
• serving cup 7 inches in height
• cost 4.95

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QUALITATIVE OR QUANTATIVE

• Example 3 ? Junior Class
• Quantitative data
• 672 students
• 394 girls, 278 boys
• 68 on honor roll
• 150 students applied biology

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B-0.1. Properties of living Things

• All living things have ALL of these
  characteristics
• All living things are MADE OF CELLS
• All living things RESPOND
• All living things ADAPT
• All living things REPRODUCE
• All living things GROW and DEVELOP

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B-0.3. Kingdoms

• There are Six Kingdoms of Living things.
• Kingdom Eubacteria
• Kingdom Archaebacteria
• Kingdom Protista
• Kingdom Fungi
• Kingdom Plantae
• autotrophs (make their own food by
  photosynthesis)
• Kingdom Animalia
• heterotrophs (must eat food)

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Divisions of Classification

• There are Seven Divisions of Classification
  (general to most specific)
• Kingdom (most inclusive)
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species (most exclusive)

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B-0.4. Viruses

• Viruses are subcellular.
• They are not alive, but have the ability to take
  over a living cell and control it.
• When this occurs, the original cell can be
  damaged or destroyed.

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B-0.5. Requirements for life

• All living things have specific needs for
  maintaining life.
• What are some things that you MUST have to live?
  
• What is the difference in something we need vs.
  we want?
• We will study these in depth throughout the
  course.

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Review Introduction to Biology

• 0.1 Properties of living things
• 0.2 Scientific method
• 0.3 Kingdoms
• 0.4 Viruses
• 0.5 Requirements for life