17.1 Introduction to Biology

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Chapter 17 -

• 17.1 Introduction to Biology

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What Do All of these Have in Common?
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CLASSIFICATION

• Classification is the grouping of objects or
  organisms based on a set of criteria

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CLASSIFICATION

• The Greek Philospher Aristotle developed the
  first widely accepted system of biological
  classification.
• He classified organisms as either animals or
  plants

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CLASSIFICATION

• Animals were further grouped into absence or
  presence of red blood.
• Bloodless and red-blooded animals nearly
  match the modern distinction of invertebrates and
  vertebrates.

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CLASSIFICATION
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CLASSIFICATION

• In the 18th century, Carolus Linnaeus broadened
  Aristotles classification and used morphology to
  classify organisms.
• Linnaeus developed the first formal system of
  taxonomic organization

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CLASSIFICATION

• Taxonomy is a discipline of biology concerned
  with identifying, naming, and classifying
  organisms.

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CLASSIFICATION

• Linnaeuss method of naming organisms is called
  binomial nomenclature.
• Binomial nomenclature gives each species a
  scientific name that has two parts.

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CLASSIFICATION

• When writing scientific names, certain rules
  apply
• 1) The first letter of the genus name is always
  capitalized, but the rest of the genus name and
  the species name are lowercase.
• 2) If a scientific name is written in a printed
  book or magazine, it should be italicized.
• 3) When a scientific name is written by hand,
  both parts of the name should be underlined.
• 4) After the scientific name has been written
  completely, the genus name will often be
  abbreviated to the first letter in later
  appearances. For example, the scientific name of
  Cardinalis cardinalis can be written C.
  cardinalis.

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CLASSIFICATION

• A named group of organisms is called a taxon.
• The broader the characteristics in each taxon,
  the more organisms that it will contain.

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CLASSIFICATION

• Each of these levels is considered to be a taxon.

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CLASSIFICATION

• The figure to the left shows the complete
  classification from domain to species for the
  American black bear and the Asiatic black bear.
  Notice that although these bears are classified
  as different species, the rest of their
  classification is the same.