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1
The Rise of Dictatorships
  • Preview
  • Main Idea / Reading Focus
  • Argentina
  • Brazil
  • Chile
  • Other Dictatorships

2
The Rise of Dictatorships
Main Idea Spiraling economic and social problems
and political turmoil in Latin America led
military leaders to seize power and install
repressive regimes.
  • Reading Focus
  • How did life change under dictatorships in
    Argentina?
  • What changes occurred during the dictatorship in
    Brazil?
  • What was life like in Chile during Pinochets
    dictatorship?
  • How did dictatorships affect life in other
    countries?

3
Argentina
After World War II, Argentina and other Latin
American countries saw a rise in dictatorships.
Social and economic conditions allowed them to
take tremendous power at the expense of peoples
freedoms.
4
Argentina
5
Argentina
  • Victims of dirty war, critics of government and
    those falsely accused of being critics
  • Desperate relatives tried to find out what
    happened to loved ones
  • Plaza de Mayo
  • Square outside government buildings in Buenos
    Aires
  • Group of mothers of disappeared marched every
    week
  • Did not get wanted answers
  • Brought national, international attention to
    tactics of Argentinas military dictatorship

6
Find the Main Idea How did dictatorships affect
society in Argentina?
Answer(s) people lived in fear economy suffered
7
  • Brazil
  • Followed path similar to Argentinas, though more
    stable for a time
  • Juscelino Kubitschek elected president in free
    election, 1954
  • Promised fifty years of progress in five
  • Foreign investment flowed in, helped him achieve
    goal
  • Brasília
  • Results of economic progress seen in capital
    city, Brasília
  • Built in three years, cost 2 billion
  • Symbol of pride, modernity, but bankrupted
    Brazils economy
  • Military rulers seized control, 1964

8
Brazil
  • Under Military Rule
  • Military rulers achieved success, creating
    Brazilian miracle of 1968 to 1973
  • Industrial exports, farming, mining grew
  • Economy grew faster during this time than any
    other in the world
  • Rapid Growth Achieved at Cost
  • To achieve rapid growth, military dictatorship
    froze wages
  • Living standards declined sharply
  • People who complained about government risked
    government death squads
  • Opposition Grew to Military
  • As opposition grew, economy spiraled into debt,
    hyperinflation
  • Extremely high level of inflation economy
    growing too rapidly, too quickly
  • 1990 inflation rate more than 2,500 percent

9
Identify Cause and Effect What caused Brazils
economic problems?
Answer(s) foreign investment, excessive domestic
spending, dependence on imported petroleum
products
10
Chile
As in Argentina and Brazil, economic problems led
to drastic changes in Chiles government.
11
Chile
  • The Pinochet Regime
  • Augusto Pinochet appointed commander in chief of
    army a few weeks before coup
  • General Pinochet closely involved in coup
  • Destroyed Opposition
  • Pinochet took command of military junta following
    coup
  • Became president, 1974
  • Moved quickly to destroy opposition
  • Pinochets Tactics
  • Disbanded congress, censored media, suspended
    constitution, banned opposition parties
  • Arrested thousands who opposed government
  • Period of Growth
  • Despite political crackdown, economy experienced
    several periods of rapid growth
  • Government promoted capitalism, exports grew

12
Summarize How did events in Chile lead to a
dictatorship?
Answer(s) economic problems, socialist-style
policies, CIA provided funding and training to
opposition, a coup took place
13
Other Dictatorships
  • Haiti
  • One family headed dictatorship for 28 years
  • 1957, Francois Duvalier elected president, began
    to repress opposition
  • After his death, son carried on dictatorship
  • From Bad to Worse
  • Duvaliers corruption made Haitis bad economy
    worse
  • 1986, riots broke out, Duvalier forced to flee
  • 1990, JeanBertrand Aristide elected president
    after years of turmoil
  • Aristide
  • Popular, but military coup ended presidency after
    only seven months
  • U.S. troops invaded, Aristide returned to power,
    1994
  • Unable to solve economic problems, eventually
    pushed from power again

14
Panama
During the 1980s, Panama was controlled by
Manuel Noriega. Noriega brutally crushed enemies
and used the country as a base for drug smuggling.
15
Peru
  • Challenges
  • 1990, Peru faced challenges of poor economy
  • Shining Path, guerrilla group terrorized
    countryside
  • Alberto Fujimori won presidential election
  • Fujimori
  • Took drastic measures to improve economy, stop
    Shining Path
  • Congress complained about abuse of power
  • Fujimori disbanded congress, suspended
    constitution
  • Elections
  • Fujimori had become dictator, yet won election in
    1995
  • Booming economy, progress against guerilla
    activity reasons for victory
  • Scandals, fraud forced Fujimori to resign
    following election of 2000

16
Compare What did the dictators in Haiti, Panama,
and Peru have in common?
Answer(s) abuse of power, economic problems,
repression of opposition
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