ZINC RECYCLING Approaches to assessing recycling rates

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ZINC RECYCLINGApproaches to assessing recycling
rates
G. Crocq, R. Sempels IZA Europe Recycling
WorkshopSt Petersburg, 10 12 September 2003
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Presentation plan

• Historical development of zinc markets
• Sources and destination of zinc residues
• Calculation of recycling rates
• Example Continuous galvanised sheet
• Automotive market
• Consolidation to all zinc applications and
  markets
• Conclusions

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Development of Zinc Markets
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Zinc Consumption Evolution
Zn sheetBrass
Cont.Galva
Die Casting
Gen. Galva
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Development of zinc consumption
Mio tons

• 1950 2000
• Galvanising 0,83 4,20
• Brass production 0,42 1,60
• Zinc casting alloys 0,40 1,45
• Chemicals (ZnO Zn dust) 0,16 1,25
• Zinc sheet and semis 0,28 0,65
• Other uses 0,04 0,20
• Total 2,13 9,30

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Zinc Usage World-wide
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Source and destination of zinc residues
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Sources and destinations of Zn residues

• Secondary alloys
• EAF dusts
• Bottom drosses
• Other residues

• Scrap Zn sheets
• Other semis
• Die Casting
• Granulated res.

• Brass scraps
• Refined - Secondary Zn

• Galv. residues
• Remelted/refined Zn

Zn chemicalsZnOZn dust
Refined Zn- Distillation- ISF/ Electrolysis
Remelted ZnZn alloys
Brassproduction
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Recycling rates
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Two definitions

• ILZSG - Zn, Pb
• ICSG - Cu
• INSG - Ni
• IAA AlIZA Europe Zn

RIR Recycling Input Ratio
RER Recycling Efficiency Ratio
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Recycling rates - Definitions
Recycled zinc (total secondary sources)
RIR
Output of refined metal from primary sources
total secondary sources
Total quantities recycled (new old scrap)
RER
Total quantities available for recycling
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Methodology

• For each application and market segment
• Gather data on historical production and
  consumption
• Evaluate quantities of new scrap (home scrap)
  generated by the processing of zinc and
  manufacturing of zinc products
• Evaluate the quantities of old scrap available at
  the end of life of products
• Life time expectancy
• Collection rates
• Consolidate all applications and derive recycling
  rates

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Applications and market segments

• Continuous galvanising
• General galvanising
• Tube galvanising
• Wire galvanising
• Brass
• Die Casting
• Rolled zinc
• Zinc wire
• Zinc semis
• Zinc dusts
• Zinc powders
• Zinc chemicals
• ZnO

• General construction
• Building
• Street furniture
• Automotive
• Electric/electronic equipments
• Appliances
• Industrial/engineering equipment
• Agriculture
• Toys and others

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Applications and market segments

• Continuous galvanising
• General galvanising
• Tube galvanising
• Wire galvanising
• Brass
• Die Casting
• Rolled zinc
• Zinc wire
• Zinc semis
• Zinc dusts
• Zinc powders
• Zinc chemicals
• ZnO

• General construction
• Building
• Automotive
• Electric/electronic equipments
• Appliances
• Industrial/engineering equipment
• Agriculture
• Street furniture
• Toys and others

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Zinc consumtionContinuous Galvanised sheet - 2001
Total Zinc consumption 750.000 t.
Drosses 58.653 t. (8 )
Zn in Galvanised sheet 690.000 t.
Building 317.400 t. (46 )
Building 162.150 t. (23.5 )
Automotive 186.300 t. (27 )
Appliances 24.150 t. (3.5 )
Scraps 48.400 t. (26 )
Zn in final product 137.900 t. (74 )
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Total new scrap availableContinuous galvanised
sheet - 2001

• Drosses from production of galvanised
  sheet 58.653 t.
• Scraps from processing galvanised sheet
• Automotive 48.400 t.
• Building 7.900 t.
• White goods 1.200 t.
• Others 6.450 t.
• Total processing 63.950 t.
• Out of which
• EAF (65 ) 41,567 less 10 (Waelz) 37.410 t.
• BOF (35) 22.893 t.
• Total New scrap 118.446 t.

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Historical consumptionContinuous galvanised
sheet - automotive
12 years lifetime
Available for Recycling 42.879 tons
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50.447 tons
Collection rate
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Old Scrap Continuous galvanising

• Automotive 42.879 t.
• Building 84.766 t.
• Appliances 5.646 t.
• Others 72.806 t.
• Total 206.097 t.

BOF 70.953
EAF 131.782
118.603
TOTAL 189.556
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Total scrap available for recycling

• Continuous galvanising 308.002 t.
• New scrap 118.446 tons
• Old scrap 189.556 tons
• All 12 other applications 1.085.586 t.
• Total 1.393.588 t.

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Quantities really recycledby technology

• Drosses 236.118
• Remelted 174.329
• Secondary alloys 165.464
• Brass 335.200
• EAF 140.000
• Others 15.095
• Total 1.066.206

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Recycling rates
1.066.206

35
3.005.206
1.066.206
Recycled zinc
RER


80
1.353.002
Available for recycling
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Conclusions

• Zinc markets have grown significantly in the last
  decades
• Zinc is used in many different ways and most
  often associated with other materials
• It is therefore remarkable that industry controls
  virtually all available zinc

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Conclusions

• Applying the Study Groups definitions, it is
  estimated that
• 35 of the zinc consumed in Europe is produced
  from secondary sources
• Close to 80 of what is available for recycling
  is currently recycled
• Our detailed analytical approach enables industry
  to identify major areas where improvements can
  be made and monitor progress

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I thank you for your kind attention
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