SOL Camp Day 2

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SOL Camp Day 2
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Federal System of Government

• Divides government power between national and
  state governments

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Constitutional Convention

• Division between large and small population
  states (VA NJ plans)
• Great Compromise (or Connecticut Compromise) took
  best of both with a 2-house or bicameral Congress

4
Separation of Powers

• 3 Branches of Government
• Checks Balances each branch can check the
  power of the others and prevent them from
  becoming too powerful

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Legislative Branch

• Congress
• House of Representatives (representatives by
  population) 435, 2 year term
• Senate (equal representation 2 per state) 100, 6
  year term-staggered
• Makes laws

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Executive Branch

• President, 4 year term
• Carries out the laws
• His Cabinet or advisers that are Department heads
  help him implement Congressional law
• Can veto bills, but veto can be overridden by 2/3
  majority of Congress

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Judicial Branch

• Headed by Supreme Court
• JUDICIAL REVIEW - Reviews laws to see if they are
  Constitutional

8
Bill of Rights

• 1st 10 amendments
• Written guarantee of individual rights
• Freedom of religion, speech, press, etc
• Rights to due process of law

9
Early Political Parties

• Federalists
• Led by Alexander Hamilton
• Strong national government
• Pro business
• Democratic Republicans
• Led by Thomas Jefferson
• Stronger state governments
• Pro small business and farmers

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Early Presidents

• George Washington
• Developed plans for a national capital in
  Washington
• Created many of the institutions of the Executive
  branch such as the cabinet
• John Adams
• Two party system emerges

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• Thomas Jefferson
• Louisiana Purchase bought from France, doubles
  size of U.S.
• Lewis Clark expedition explores to Pacific
• James Madison
• War of 1812 against England secures U.S. as
  respected nation
• James Monroe
• Monroe Doctrine warns European nations not to
  interfere in the Americas

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Other Places added to U.S.

• Florida from Spain through treaty
• Texas declared independence from Mexico and
  later joined the U.S.
• Oregon Territory divided with England, adds
  Oregon, Washington, etc
• California Mexican-American war adds
  California, Arizona, New Mexico, etc

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Expansion

• Population growth
• Cheap land
• Better Transportation (Erie Canal, steamboats)
• MANIFEST DESTINY belief that expansion was good
  and our right

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Technology

• Cotton Gin (Eli Whitney) increased production
  and also demand for slave labor
• Reaper (Cyrus McCormick Jo Anderson)
  increased farm productivity
• Steamboat (Robert Fulton) faster river
  transportation
• Steam Locomotive

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Reform

• Abolitionists demanded end to slavery
• William Lloyd Garrison Liberator
• Frederic Douglas
• Harriet Tubman
• Sufferage demanded right to vote for women
• Sojourner Truth
• Susan B. Anthony
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton

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Civil War Causes

• Slavery
• Cultural differences urban North vs.
  agricultural South
• Economic differences
• North favored protective tariffs on
  manufactured goods that hurt South
• South opposed tariffs that increased price of
  goods and might alienate England, their best
  cotton customer
• States rights vs. strong national government

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Divisive issues

• South believed they had the power to declare any
  national law illegal (Nullification)
• North believed national government was supreme
  over states
• South believed abolishing slavery would wreck
  their economy, North believed it was immoral

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Compromises

• Missouri Compromise (1820) Missouri admitted as
  slave state, Maine as free
• Compromise of 1850 California admitted as free
  state, SW would decide
• Kansas-Nebraska Act People would decide slavery
  popular sovereignty