Do Now

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Do Now

• Get a textbook and answer question 2 on p. 28.
  Use both the map and picture on page 27 to
  describe some characteristics of this valley.
• Use the Do Now Log

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Early Ancient Civilizations

• Mesopotamia and Egypt

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Mesopotamia

• Located between Tigris Euphrates
• AKA- Fertile Crescent rich soils from rivers
  Sea make this land great for farming.

Picture From http//www.telegraph.co.uk/news/grap
hics/campaigns/iraq/cresmap.gif
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Sumer

• Sumer earliest known civilization formed in
  southern Mesopotamia around 3500 BC
• Depended on rivers rich soil.
• Sumerians lived in small, separate cities that
  developed into city-states.
• Sumer, Ur, and Uruk among 1st city states.

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Religion in Mesopotamia

• Each city-state had own god.
• Temple in center of city-state called, ziggurat.
• Sumerians polytheistic.

Picture From http//www2.hawaii.edu/kjolly/151/i
mages/ziggurat.jpeg
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Social Strata

• Males head of household.
• Females had limited rights.
• Priests usually top of social hierarchy.
• Later, Kings become top.
• Kingship becomes hereditary.

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So whatd they give us?!

• Cuneiform first written language
• 12 month calendar
• Plow
• Sail
• Wheel

Picture From http//graphics.stanford.edu/project
s/cuneiform/images/front.weathered.lit-cssh.jpg
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Important Kings Hammurabi!

• Conquered several city-states to become King.
• Improved canals tax system.
• Changed religion so all people in kingdom
  worshipped God of Babylon.
• Also created
• HAMMURABIS CODE

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Hammurabis Code

• Created laws to govern all parts of life.
• Two major ideas
• 1. Innocent until proven guilty.
• 2. Guilty can be punished using eye for an
  eye idea.

Picture From http//www.arch.usyd.edu.au/john/pu
blications/ger-prototypes/code.gif
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• Hammurabi ruled for 40 years known as Golden
  Age of Babylon
• Became major trade center.
• After his death, Mesopotamia went back to
  city-states.

Picture From http//www.globalsecurity.org/milita
ry/world/iraq/images/hammurabi.jpg
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Law 5

• If a judge try a case, reach a decision, and
  present his judgment in writing if later error
  shall appear in his decision, and it be through
  his own fault, then he shall pay twelve times the
  fine set by him in the case, and he shall be
  publicly removed from the judge's bench, and
  never again shall he sit there to render
  judgment.
• In your own words, what does this mean?

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Law 6

• If any one steal the property of a temple or of
  the court, he shall be put to death, and also the
  one who receives the stolen thing from him shall
  be put to death.
• In your own words, what does this mean?

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Law 22

• If any one is committing a robbery and is caught,
  then he shall be put to death.

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Law 23

• If the robber is not caught, then shall he who
  was robbed claim under oath the amount of his
  loss then shall the community, and . . . on
  whose ground and territory and in whose domain it
  was compensate him for the goods stolen.
• What does this sound like?

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Laws 196-199

• If a man has knocked out the eye of a patrician,
  his eye shall be knocked out.
• If he has broken the limb of a patrician, his
  limb shall be broken.
• If he has knocked out the eye of a plebian, or
  broken the limb or a patricians servant, he
  shall pay one mina of silver.
• If he has knocked out the eye of a patricians
  servant, or broken the limb of a patricians
  servant, he shall pay half his value.

• After reading this, what do you think the
  difference is in a patrician and a plebian and a
  patricians servant?
• Who is more valuable in society?

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Reflection

• What evidence do Mesopotamians leave behind that
  people from the Neolithic and Paleolithic Era do
  not?

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Do Now

• What factors made the Mesopotamians pessimistic?

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On To Egypt!!!

• Centered on Nile River rich silt deposited made
  good farm land.
• People here call area Gift of the Nile

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King Menes Gets Hitched!

• Menes King of Upper Egypt conquers Lower Egypt
  by marrying its princess.
• From here, divided into three periods
• - Old Kingdom (2700 BC)
• - Middle Kingdom (2050 BC)
• - New Kingdom (1550 BC)

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Pharaohs, Tombs, and Mummies, OH MY!!!

• Most important Egyptian Pharaoh
• Served as ruler, priest, and god.
• Large tombs (pyramids) built for these pharaohs.
• Personal belongings placed in tomb for afterlife.

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Giza Pyramids
Picture From http//wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/ima
ges/africa/giza-pyramids.jpg
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Embalming

• Egyptians believed the soul couldnt live without
  a body in the afterlife.
• Priests would use embalming process to preserve
  and then mummify bodies.

Picture From http//www.worsleyschool.net/sociala
rts/mummy/page.html
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Contributions from the Egyptians

• Number system
• 365 day calendar based on Nile flooding
• Hieroglyphics\

Picture From http//www.nku.edu/anthro/hieroglyp
hics.jpg
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Reflection

• What factors made the Egyptians more positive?