Birds eye view of Mobile Networking Space

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Birds eye view of Mobile Networking Space

• Pravin Bhagwat
• pravin_at_acm.org

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Computing and communication evolution
Communication
90s
2000
80s
Telephony
Computing
Internet
Timesharing
Workstation LANs
Single User OS
Batch processing systems
3
Mobile Internet Outlook
More handsets than PCs connected to the Internet
not too far in the future!
Source Nokia presentation at IAB workshop 2000
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What makes mobile computing different ?
90s
2000
80s
Telephony
Mobile Telephony
1G
2G
3G
3 fundamental differences
Mobility
Wireless
Battery power
Mobility
Laptop users
Computing
Internet
Timesharing
Workstation LANs
Single User OS
Batch processing systems
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Mobility Requirements

• Auto configuration
• Secure Remote access from anywhere anytime
• Access to information resources (web)
• E-mail, Notification
• Access continuity

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The technical problem
directory service
home network

• 3 key concepts
• name
• address
• routing

name to address mapping is dynamic
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Two possible solutions
directory service
home network
foreign network
M

• Update name to address mapping

• Fix the routing layer

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Developments 1992- 2002

• DHCP

• Dynamic DNS

• PPP

• Web

• POP/IMAP

• NAT/Firewalls

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New developments
X

• IP address name
• Adaptive applications
• graceful adaptation to network disruptions
• access from anywhere
• Focus has shifted from device mobility to user
  mobility
• single user and multiple devices
• New applications are emerging
• location aware
• context aware

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Mobile user requirements
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What makes mobile computing different ?
90s
2000
80s
Telephony
Mobile Telephony
1G
2G
3G
3 fundamental differences
Mobility
Wireless
Battery power
Wireless
Laptop users
Computing
Internet
Timesharing
Workstation LANs
Single User OS
Batch processing systems
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Cellular data rates - hype and reality!
kbit/s
How calculated
Comments
gt 600
171.2 kbit/s V.42 Bis Compression
Encrypted and already compressed data (images) do
not compress
171.2
8 Timeslots x 21,4 kbit/s, CS-4
This is theorethical maximum for carrier capacity
149.8
7 Timeslots x 21.4 kbit/s, CS-4
1 timeslot reserved for signalling
115.2
8 Timeslots x 14,4 kbit/s, CS-2
First network implementations support CS-1 and
CS-2
100.8
7 Timeslots x 14.4 kbit/s, CS-2
1 timeslot reserved for signalling
43.2
31 Timeslot mobile, CS-2
First terminal implementations will be at most
31 (3 downlink TSs, 1 uplink). Uplink data rate
14,4 kbit/s
34.6
-20 protocol overhead
Assumed 80-20 payload-protocol ratio
31.1
-10 retransmissions
Retransmission rate depends on carrier quality
10-30
Simulations
Simulation results for user data rate
Note Radio path is a shared media Carrier
capacity ? Data rate seen by individual user
6/1999
Source Nokia presentation at IAB workshop 2000
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Bandwidth management issues
core network

• More efficient use of the link
• Application specific compression
• Compression methods must be able to cope with the
  growth of applications
• Coping with extremely high level of contention
• QoS differentiation and pricing

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What makes mobile computing different ?
90s
2000
80s
Telephony
Mobile Telephony
1G
2G
3G
3 fundamental differences
Mobility
Wireless
Battery power
Laptop users
Computing
Internet
Timesharing
Workstation LANs
Single User OS
Batch processing systems
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Cellular telephony current picture
North America
Europe
ANSI-41 core
IS-95
TDMA 200 KHz
TDMA 30 KHz
CDMA 1.25 MHz
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What is 3G ?

• Higher rate
• 114 Kbps or higher in vehicular traffic
• 384 kbps for pedestrian traffic
• 2 Mbps or higher for indoor communication
• Variable rate traffic
• Interoperability/roaming
• Geographic position determination capability

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3G vision
Europe
North America
ANSI-41 core
AMPS IS-136
IS-95
CDPD
UMTS core
WCDMA
5 MHz
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3G reality
Europe
North America
ANSI-41 core
ANSI-41 core
AMPS IS-136
IS-95
CDPD
5 MHz
200 KHz
1.25 MHz
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3G participants
ARIB (J)
3G.PP2
CWTS (c)
TIA
IMT-2000
TTA (K)
3G.PP
TTC (J)
T1
ETSI
Consortium Partnerships
Standards Development Organizations
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3G the bigger picture
Evolved IS-41 core
UMTS core
CDMA 2000
WCDMA
GERAN
HDR
3G.PP2
3G.PP
MWIF
3G.IP
Mobile IP (macro mobility)
SeaMoby (micro mobility)
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What makes mobile computing different ?
90s
2000
80s
Telephony
Mobile Telephony
1G
2G
3G
3 fundamental differences
Mobility
Wireless
Battery power
Battery power
Laptop users
Computing
Internet
Timesharing
Workstation LANs
Single User OS
Batch processing systems