Knick Elektronische Megerte GmbH

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KnickElektronische MeßgeräteGmbH Co.
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Product Range
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Turnover 2005 by Product Lines
41 Mio USD
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Product Mix Interface Modules
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Product Mix Interface Modules
strong
weak
growing
strong
strong
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Market Size Estimation
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Market Situation

• large suppliers of automation products
  (Rockwell, Siemens, etc.)
• specialized suppliers of interface
  products(Knick, Dataforth, Action
  Instruments/Eurotherm/Invensys, etc. )
• several small manufacturers / suppliers
• dozens of models / variants
• high-quality to shady products
• discriminating customers and buyers of
  convenience products (in bundles with other
  products or systems)

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Knick's Product Philosophy

• Knick products stand for
• high-performance products, thorough design
  withstanding extreme conditions
• reliable - with 5 years of warranty
• general application and specialized
  productsstandard signal isolators to
  high-voltage isolators,
• broad range of analog signal isolators for
  safe-area applications

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Why use Galvanic Isolation?
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Signal Conditioning / Transmission

• Factory Automation
• Process Automation
• Power Plants
• Railway Systems
• Ships
• Machines
• .....

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Application

• Example magnetic levitation train in Shanghai

Knick isolators (VariTrans) are used for signal
conditioning.
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Application

• Example magnetic levitation train in Berlin

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Basics

• Isolator Functions
• Transmit / amplify / convert analog
  electrical signals

Out
In
0...20 mA4...20 mA0...10 V/- 60 mV/- 90
mV/-150 mV0...100 mA0...30 V0...1000 V...
0...20 mA4...20 mA0...10 V/- 20 mA/- 10 V
- standard signals- bipolar signals- shunt
voltages- power supply voltages- TC voltages-
RTD and other resistors- ...
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Basics

• Isolator Functions
• Transmit / amplify / convert analog
  electrical signals
• Cut direct (galvanic) electrical connection,
  i.e. isolate

Out
In
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Basics

• Isolator Functions
• Transmit / amplify / convert analog
  electrical signals
• Cut direct (galvanic) electrical connection,
  i.e. isolate
• auxiliary power

Out
In
Power 24V DC ... 230 V AC
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Basics

• Manufacturing or processing plant

CONTROL ROOM
FIELD
control signals
Control System
measurement signals
8888
recorder
indicator
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Basics
Motor current measurement
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Basics

• Important properties of isolation amplifiers
• input / output range (switchable?)
• precision / transmission error
• isolation (working voltage, test voltage)
• power supply
• other characteristics, depending on application
• cut-off frequency
• common-mode rejection
• output load
• ...

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Electronic Design Know-How

• "Hidden" product characteristics
• temperature coefficient
• common mode rejection
• zero-point behavior
• oversteer behavior
• EMC

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Electronic Design Know-How

• temperature coefficient

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Electronic Design Know-How

• temperature coefficient

temperature coefficient
50 ppm/K (0.005
/K) expected temperature in a cabinet 50
C 50 C - 23 C (?ref.)
27 C 27 K x 50 ppm/K 1350
ppm

1350 ppm x 20 mA
27 µA
temperature error 0.14

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Electronic Design Know-How

• temperature coefficient

temperature coefficient
300 ppm/K (0.03
/K) expected temperature in a cabinet 50
C 50 C - 23 C (?ref.)
27 C 27 K x 300 ppm/K
8100 ppm

8100 ppm x
20 mA 162 µA
temperature error 0.8
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Electronic Design Know-How

• 50 Hz common-mode rejection

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Electronic Design Know-How

• zero-point behavior

standard isolator -0.25 to 1 standard
isolator 1 to - 0.25 Knick 1 to - 0.25
and -0.25 to 1
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Electronic Design Know-How

• oversteering behavior

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Electronic Design Know-How

• EMC measurements

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Electronic Design Know-How

• EMC measurements

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Electronic Design Know-How

• "Hidden" product characteristics
• temperature coefficient
• common mode rejection
• zero-point behavior
• oversteer behavior
• EMC

Safe operation must be guaranteed for all
circumstances
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Electronic Design Know-How

• Mean Time Between Failures MTBF low number of
  components thorough selection of components
  long-term electronic design experience
• e.g. VariTrans B 10 000
• MTBF 440 years

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Basics

• Principles for isolation

• Electromagnetic - high isolation
  voltage(transformer) - long-term stability - DC
  signals via AC conversion
• Optical - high isolation voltage(LED/photo
  transistor) - standard components (costs) -
  analog drift
• Capacitive - low isolation voltage - common-mode
  interference -gt no relevant use

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Basics

• Working principle chopper amplifier

chopper
chopper
output stage
transformer
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Chopper Amplifier
chopper phase control
transformer


in
out
field
rectangular AC current
direct current
direct current
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Chopper Amplifier
chopper phase control
transformer


in
out
field
rectangular AC current
direct current
direct current
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Isolator Principles

• Isolation Amplifier

3-port isolation
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Isolator Principles

• Isolation Amplifier

2-port isolation
3-port isolation
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Isolator Principles

• Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)VariTrans P40000 /
  P27000 / A26000 / P15000 / B13000

PWM converter
rectifier
output stage
input stage
transformer
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Isolator Principles

• Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)VariTrans P40000 /
  P27000 / A26000 / P15000 / B13000

DIL switch
DIL switch
VariPower
output
input
Controller
PWM converter
rectifier
output stage
input stage
transformer
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Product Classification

• Product classification by function / task

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Product Classification

• ... by area / zone

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Product Classification

• ... by housing / build

modular housing DIN rail
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VariTrans
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VariTrans P 27000 Universal Isolators

• programmable through PWM technology ? flexible
  application
• calibrated range selection ? no need for manual
  adjustment
• mains adapter 20 ... 253 V AC/DC ? worldwide
  installation
• 12 mm thin (0.46 in.) ? low space requirements

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VariTrans P 27000 Universal Isolators

• input 20 mV ... 200 V 0.1mA ... 100 mA
• output 0/4 ... 20 mA, 0 ... 10 V, 20 mA,
  10 V etc.
• gain error 0.08 meas. val.
• cut-off frequency 10 kHz 10 Hz selectable
• test voltage 5000 V (input-output) 4000
  V (output-power supply)working voltage 1000
  Vsafe isolation 600 V (input-output)
• power supply 20 ... 253 V ac/dc

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VariTrans P 27000
VariTrans P 27000 Universal Isolators
P27000H1 / P27000F1 86.2
P27000H1-nnnn P27000F1-nnnn 7.7
P270xxH1 / P270xxF1 6.1
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VariTrans P 27000 Universal Isolators
0
-150
20
150
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VariTrans P 26000 Universal Isolators

• input 20 mA or 10 V
• output 20 mA or 10 V
• gain error 0.1 meas. val.
• cut-off frequency 5 kHz
• test voltage 4000 Vworking voltage
  1000 Vsafe isolation 300 V surge
  withstand 5000 V
• power supply 20 ... 253 V ac/dc

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VariTrans P 15 000 Standard Signal Isolators

• input 0 ... 20 mA / 4 ... 20 mA / 0 ... 10 V
• output 0 ... 20 mA / 4 ... 20 mA / 0 ... 10 V
• gain error 0.08 meas. val.
• cut-off frequency 10 kHz 10 Hz selectable
• test voltage 4000 Vworking voltage
  1000 Vsafe isolation 300 V surge
  withstand 5000 V
• power supply 20 ... 253 V ac/dc

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6 mm Product Series (0.24 in.)

• B10000 isolator for unipolar standard signals
• A20000 isolator for unipolar standard signals
  with safe isolation
• B10116 repeater power supply for 2-wire
  transmitters
• A20100 repeater power supply for 2-wire
  transmitters, HART, switchable outputs
• A20200 transmitter for temperature, strain gages
  and potentiometers
• P32000 transmitter for temperature, strain gages
  and potentiometers, IrDA interface, SIL
  approval, universal power supply
• A20300 standard signal doubler
• A20400 passive isolator with up to 2 channels

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VariTrans B 10 000 Standard Signal Isolators

• input 0/4 ... 20 mA or 0 ... 10 V
• output 0/4 ... 20 mA or 0 ... 10 V
• gain error 0.3
• cut-off frequency 100 Hz
• test voltage 510 Vworking voltage
  100 V
• power supply 24 V dc pluggable cross-connection
  for power supply

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DuraTrans M12
DuraTrans Signal Converters / Isolators

• input 0 ... 20 mA / 4 ... 20 mA / 0 ... 10 V
• output 0 ... 20 mA / 4 ... 20 mA / 0 ... 10 V
• gain error lt 0.2 measured value
• test voltage 1500 V ac
• connections M12

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High Voltage Isolator
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High Voltage Isolators VariTrans P 40000

• DC power supplies- high-power drives -
  transport systems- battery systems- ...
• special high-voltage applications

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High Voltage Isolators VariTrans P 40000
P 40000
P 42000D3 100V... 3600V
P 43000D2 0.1 A ... 5 A
P 41000D1 60mV... 100V
basic isolation test voltage
basic isolation test voltage
basic isolation test voltage
basic isolation test voltage
basic isolation test voltage
basic isolation test voltage
2.2 kV
3.6 kV
3.6 kV
2.2 kV
3.6 kV
2.2 kV
10 kV
15 kV
10 kV
15 kV
15 kV
10 kV
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VariTrans P 40000
High Voltages Amplifier VariTrans P 40000

• high input voltage up to 3600 V
• input current up to 5 A
• high working voltage up to 3600 V
• safe isolation up to 1800 V
• test voltage up to 15 kV
• low error 0.1 to 0.3
• compact design 22.5 / 45.0 / 67.5 mm
• CMMR 150 dB, T-CMRR 115 dB (1000V/1µs)

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Thanks a lot for your attention!