Promoting SelfCare Across the Lifespan

1
Promoting Self-Care Across the Lifespan
Principles of Hygiene

• Week 2B

Thanks to the Collaborative Teaching Team
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Self-Care Across the Lifespan

• Self-care is considered predominant basic form
  of primary care ability to perform self-care
  activities linked to self-concept
• It is a universal/predominant form of health care
  includes
• Health promotion Illness/injury prevention
• Diagnosis treatment
• Long-term management of health illness
• Examples.

3
Self-Care in Chronic Illness

• Activities to manage the illnesss
• Self-management of side effects of treatments or
  symptoms
• May include
• Taking medication
• Eating special diet
• Taking direct action.

4
Self Care in Health Promotion

• Beyond illness self-care requires clients gain
  knowledge competencies that can be used to
  maintain enhance health
• In health promotion, self-care is primary with
  professional care secondary
• Orems Self-Care Deficit Theory is good framework
  for health promotion.

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Orems Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory 3
self-care requisites (SCR)

• Universal
• Developmental
• Health deviation.

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Role of the Professional Nurse in Self Care
Empowerment Enablement

• Nurses are primarily concerned with universal
  developmental requirements (knowledge skill
  needed for self care).

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Nursing Systems or Roles - Orems Theory

• Compensatory total care
• Partially compensatory shared care
• (Supportive) Educative-developmental client has
  primary responsibility for their personal health,
  nurse is in supportive consultant role.

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Areas of Educ.-Dev. Self-Care Include Enhancing
Clients Capacities for

• Avoidance of injurious violent beh. substance
  abuse
• Environmental changes homes, schools, work
  sites community to reduce hazards strengthen
  health enhancing features.

• Exercise physical fitness
• Nutrition wt control
• Stress management
• Risk reduction
• Maintenance of family/social support systems

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Responsibility is Shared

• Education, counseling, environmental
  interventions directed to these ends are a shared
  responsibility with governments, policy makers,
  health care providers, community leaders
  individuals.

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Empowered Health Care Consumers should be

• actively involved in health problem solving
• making rational informed choices
• dev. competencies/skills that foster creativity
  adaptation amid changing life circumstances

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Empowered Health Care Consumers should be
(cont.)

• striving for mastery of environmental conditions
  influencing health
• promoting public policy to build healthy
  lifestyles in diverse communities
• advocating for health financing to fund self-care
  education services tailored to fit local needs.

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Group Work

• What are important considerations for promotion
  of self-care in different age groups?
• Pender chpt 12, p. 279 - 297

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• Self-Care for Children Adolescents

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• Self-care Empowerment Education for Adults
  Consists of

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• Self-care Education in Older Adults

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Participation in self-care is believed to build
self-efficacy self-concept but what about

• clients who do not wish to engage in
  certain components of self-care?
• clients who choose dependent care?

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Principles of Safe Hygiene
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Hygiene as Self-care Health Protecting Behaviour

• Important concept for health protection
  promotion across lifespan
• Basic principles taught at an early age
  habitually practiced for life
• Can be health promoting protecting or if done
  inappropriately can increase risk of
  illness/injury
• Assessment of clients risks, teach practice
  safe hygiene when giving/delegating client
  personal hygiene care.

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Principles of Hygiene (PP chpt 34)

• Variety of personal, social cultural factors
  influence hygiene practices
• Proper hygiene care requires knowledge/
  understanding of anatomy physiology of
  integument, oral cavity, eyes, ears nose
• Cells require adequate nutrition, hydration
  circulation to resist injury disease

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Principles of Hygiene cont.

• Good hygiene techniques promote normal structure
  function of body tissues
• Apply knowledge of pathophysiology to provide
  good preventative hygiene care in disease states.

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Principles of Hygiene cont.

• Nurse must individualize hygiene care education
  to clients unique practices preferences
• Provision of hygiene care is never routine,
  requires intimate contact with client
  opportunity to build therapeutic relationship,
  learn about clients self-care practices, conduct
  physical examination assess client learning
  needs.

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Basics of Hygiene Handwashing

• Assess clients knowledge practice
• Teach importance of hand washing as health
  protection strategy
• Handwashing after toileting, before touching
  food, after sneezing or blowing ones nose,
  whenever hands in contact with dirty surfaces
• Avoid touching hands to face at all times.

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Basics of Hygiene Bathing

• Assess clients knowledge practice
• Teach importance of proceeding from clean to
  dirty areas
• Start with head, hands, arms chest
• Move to trunk, then legs feet
• Lastly wash perineal area front to back
• Prevents spread of microorganisms from
  contaminated areas of body to cleaner areas.

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Basics of Hygiene Oral Hygiene

• Assess oral hygiene practices
• Teach basic oral hygiene practices
• Importance of oral cavity as barrier to infection
  
• Brushing 4 times a day flossing daily
• Change toothbrush q3months or following a cold or
  virus to minimize growth of micro-organisms
• Alcohol based mouth washes dry oral mucosa
• Never share toothbrushes
• Special considerations with specific illnesses or
  txs.

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Additional Considerations

• Importance of privacy guarding client dignity
• Important to consider client health status,
  culture, health beliefs about hygiene practices,
  willingness to change (stage of change),
  socioeconomic considerations, education, stage of
  development, supports, etc. when determining
  appropriate hygiene-related interventions.

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Goals of Health Education for Self-Care

• Raise consciousness
• Change dominant definition of health
• Create conditions/resources to empower
  communities for self-care
• Create financial/other incentives to foster
  active health info. seeking ve health
  practices
• Assist people developing requisite knowledge
  skills
• Design implement programs techniques
• Implement curricula.

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Process of Empowering for Self-Care

• Responses to health educ. for self-care are
  multidimensional complex
• Process is collaborative
• Barriers to both learning implementing
  self-care behaviours need to be identified
  directly addressed.

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The Self Care Empowerment Process
Client
Nurse
Self-care goals
Professional expertise
Create a supportive environment for learning
Evaluate client progress toward health goals
Mutually assess SC competencies needs
Facilitate self- paced learning
Decrease barriers to learning
Determine learning priorities
Use positive reinforcement to increase perceptio
ns of competence motivation for learning
Identify long-term short-term objectives
Client
Nurse
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Case study Mrs. New

• Read case study page 93 of Arnold Boggs