Lifespan changes in sleep.

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Lifespan changes in sleep.
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Lifespan changes in sleep.

• BATs
• Outline changes in sleep patterns over the
  lifespan (A01)
• Consider implications of changes in sleep
  patterns over the lifespan (A02)
• Synoptic Points
• DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH
• Cultural Differences

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http//www.youtube.com/watch?vaL5dyAkd9uM baby
sleeping

• Do you ever find yourself sleeping through the
  day?
• How many hours sleep do you get per night?
• Do you sleep more or less than you used to?
• Over the next week fill in a sleep log.
• What ethical issues are related to this?

http//www.youtube.com/watch?v2gff2PtZAv4 man
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What do these EEGs tell us about how sleep
changes as we get older?
EEGs of Sleep at Different Stages of Lifespan
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Sleep Timeline

• Read p 10
• Create a timeline to show how sleep changes as
  humans develop

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Prenatal Infant sleep.
AO2/3

• Okai et al (1992)
• Used ultrasound scanning to investigate possible
  sleep patterns in unborn children of the 30
  normal pregnant women between 20 and 40 weeks
  (beginning of 5mths-full term).

Limitations of the Research? Sample
size? Methodology? Application?
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Prenatal Infant sleep.

• This study was completed by
• Measuring eye movement and baby movement.
• What instrument would they need to use?
• Findings
• Prior to 28 weeks (7 mths) REM was hard to
  identify.
• At 32 weeks REM/NREM cycles could
• be distinguished.

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What do these findings suggest?

• The critical point in gestation is measured at 32
  weeks.
• This is further supported by a correlation found
  between sleep changes and the development of the
  brain.
• E.g. Brain stem reaches a developmental high
  between 28 and 31 weeks, there is a known link
  between these neural systems control of the
  REM/NREM ultradian cycles.

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Further evidence..

• Q What do we know about newborns?
• A Spend approx 17 hrs a day asleep with 50 of
  this time in REM.
• The adult NREM/REM pattern does not emerge for
  several months.

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Prenatal/Infant sleep cont.

• Q. What is the usual pattern that babies sleep
  follows????
• A. The amount of time needed in REM sleep
  decreases in the first year, with a decline to
  approx 13 hours (Sheldon,1996).

Are these conclusions sound? What other studies
support/refute these findings?
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Other factors that may impact infant sleep
patterns?

• Maternal behaviour (depression)
• Armitage (2009) found of the 18 healthy full term
  infants they studied at 6 monthly intervals.
• 11 of the babies were born to depressed mothers.
• They found infants of depressed mothers took
  longer to fall asleep had sleep patterns that
  were different to those experienced by the babies
  from non depressed mothers.

Also consider Baird et al (2009) As supporting
evidence.
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Other factors that may impact sleep patterns?

• Adolescents The cause is usually the cause of
  social changes such as
• Sleeping longer at weekends.
• Staying up later.
• Reduced parental influence.
• Several environmental factors are also
  responsible for changes in sleep..

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Other factors that may impact sleep patterns?
Wolfson Carskadon (1998) Pagel (2007)

• Increased homework
• Using the computer
• During adolescence the brain is going through a
  critical phase of cortical development
  cognitive change, sleep is crucial in ensuring
  that these changes occur efficiently.

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AO3 Synoptic Points

• Look at the graph on page 11
• Briefly outline the research carried out by
  Tynjala et al (1993) , Shin et al (2003) and
• Ghanizadeh et al (2008)
• What conclusion was reached in the light of this
  research?

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Over to you ..

• Answer Qu 2 and 3 p11
• Homework-
• Discuss research into lifespan changes in sleep
  (916)
• or qu 4 p11
• prepare in lesson share plans
• Fill in sleep log?