MUSCLES AND MOVEMENT

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MUSCLES AND MOVEMENT
To know the meaning of origin and insertion of
a variety of muscles To understand the different
muscular movements To be able to develop a mind
map on joints and movements.
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STARTER

• IN PAIRS IDENIFTY THE TYPE OF
• MOVEMENTS OCCURING AT EACH JOINT.

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The Origin and Insertion

• When a muscle contracts, only one bone moves
  leaving the other stationary. The points at
  which the tendons are attached to the bone are
  known as the origin and the insertion.

• The origin is where the tendon of the muscle
  joins the stationary bone(s).

• The insertion is where the tendon of the muscle
  joins the moving bone(s).

Origin
The arm is being flexed.
Insertion
The radius and ulna are the moving bones-
INSERTION
The humerus and scapular are stationary bones-
ORIGIN
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Antagonistic Muscles

• Skeletal muscles work across a joint and are
  attached to the bones by strong cords known as
  tendons.

• They work in pairs, each contracting or relaxing
  in turn to create movement.
• E.g Biceps brachii and triceps brachii known as
  ANTAGONISTIC
• MUSCLE ACTION.
• AS one muscle shortens the other one lengthens.

Movement of the armat the elbow
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Flexion (Bending) of the Arm

• The muscle doing the work (contracting) and
  creating the movement is called the agonist or
  prime mover.

• The muscle which is relaxing and letting the
  movement take place is called the antagonist.

Antagonist (Triceps relax)
Agonist or Prime Mover (Biceps contract)

• Other muscles support the prime mover (agonist)
  in creating movement and these are called
  synergists.
• Fixtor-the muscle that allows the agonist to
  work, stabilising the origin.

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WRIST EXTENSORS AND FLEXORS
Movement Flexion and Extension
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Origin Humerus, radius, ulna Insertion
Carpels, Metacarpels, Phalanges Strengthening
exercises Wrist curls, Reverse wrist curls
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Elbow joint
Radioulnar joint
Movement Supination and Pronation
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Origin Humerus and ulna
Insertion Radius
Strengthening exercises Dumb bell curls
(downward and upward)
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Elbow joint
FLEXION
Origin Scapula
Insertion Radius
Biceps
Agonist
Antagonist
Triceps
Strengthening exercises Biceps curls and tricep
extensions
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EXTENSION ORIGIN Scapula and
humerus INSERTION Ulna
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Shoulder joint
MOVEMENT- Extension of the shoulder
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ORIGIN- Skull and thoracic spine
INSERTION- Clavicle and Scapula
STRENTHENING EXERCISE Seated rows
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PECTRALIS MAJOR
MOVEMENT- Flexion, Adduction of the shoulder
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ORIGIN- Clavicle, sternum, ribs
INSERTION- Humerus
STRENTHENING EXERCISE Seated rows
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DELTOID
MOVEMENT Flexion, extension and abduction of the
shoulder
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ORIGIN Clavicle and scapula
INSERTION Humerus
STRENGTHENING EXERCISE Back press
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LATISSIMUS DORSI
MOVEMENT Adduction and extension of the shoulder
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ORIGIN Thoracic, Lumbar, sacrum spine and pelvis
INSERTION Humerus
STRENGTHENING EXERCISE Chin ups
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SPINE
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RECTUS ABDOMINIS
Flexion of the spine
ORIGIN Pelvis
INSERTION Sternum and ribs
STRENGTHENING EXERCISE Crunches
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EXTERNAL OBLIQUES
MOVEMENT Flexion
ORIGIN RIBS
INSERTION Pelvis
STRENGTHENING EXERCISE Broomstick twists
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INTERNAL OBLIQUES
MOVEMENT Lateral flexion, rotation
ORIGIN Pelvis
INSERTION Ribs
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HIP ILIOPSOAS
MOVEMENT Flexion of hip
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ORIGIN Pelvis and lumbar vertebrae
INSERTION FEMUR
STRENGTHENING EXERCISE Sit ups
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GLUTEALS MAXIMUS
MOVEMENT Extension and rotation of the hip
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ORIGIN Pelvis, sacrum and coccyx
INSERTION Femur Strengthening exercises Bent
knee hip extensions
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HIP
Movement Abduction, rotation MusclesGluteus
medius and minimus Origin Pelvis Insertion
Femur Strengthening exercises Floor hip
abductions
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KNEE
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KNEE Movement Flexion, extension Muscles
Hamstring ( biceps femoris, semiteninosus, Semimem
branosus Origin Pelvis, Femur Insertion Tibia
and Fibula Strengthening exercises Leg curls
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Knee
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Knee Movement Flexion, extension MusclesQuadri
ceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis,
vastus Medialis, vastus intermediuus Origin
Pelvis, Femur Insertion Tibia Strengthening
exercises Dumbbell squats
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Ankle Movement Dorsiflexion and
planarflexion Muscles Tibialis
anterior Origin Tibia Insertion Tarsals and
metatarsals Strengthening exercises one leg
toes raises
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Ankle MovementDorsiflexion and planarflexion
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MusclesGastrocnemius and soleus Origin
Gastrocnemius- femur Soleus- tibia
and fibula Insertion Calcaneus Strengthening
exercises one leg toe raises
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TYPES OF MUSCULAR CONTRACTION
ISOTONIC- the muscle is moving while contracting,
it can be divided into concentric and eccentric
contractions
CONCENTRIC- contractions involve the muscle
shortening while contracting e.g biceps brachii
in elbow flexion
ECCENTRIC- contraction involves muscle
lengthening whilst contracting e.g. bicep brachii
in elbow extension
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ISOMETRIC
Contractions occur when there is tension on the
muscle but NO movement E.G static contractions
occur when holding your weight in a stationary
position HANDSTAND
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MUSCLE SHORTENING
MUSCLE LENGTHENING
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ISOKINETIC
Contractions cause the muscle to shorten in
length and increase in tension whilst working at
a constant speed against a variable
resistance E.G. running on a treadmill ISOKINETI
C MEANS SAME SPEED
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cranium, ribs, sterum
Central, support body
Axial
Skeletal system
Scapula, humerus, femur
Movement
Appendicular
Functions Protection Support Movement Blood
production
Bones
Vertebral column Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Scarum
Coccyx
Long, short, flat, irregular
MIND MAP OF ALL THE TOPICS SO FAR MAKE IT
COLOURFULEASY TO REVISE FROM
Compact bone- outer- strength Spongy- ends- red
marrow Epiphyseal line- growth line Articular
cartilage- ends, friction Medullarry cavity-
middle, yellow marrow
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HOMEWORK
REVISE ALL TOPICS SO FAR FOR A TEST AFTER HALF
TERM Skeletal system Joints Joint
movements Structure and function of synovial
joints Muscle names and loctaion Origin/insertion/
agonist/anatagist Muscular contractions