A Demographic Profile of California: The Challenge to Educational Equity Professionals Alan Nishio C

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A Demographic Profile of California The
Challenge to Educational Equity
ProfessionalsAlan NishioCalifornia State
University, Long Beach

• California Educational Opportunity Program
  Conference
• April 5, 2002
• Long Beach, California

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Demographics
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An Interesting Perspective on World Microcosm
If we could shrink the Earth's population to a
village of precisely 100 people - with all the
existing human ratios remaining the same, it
would look something like the following.
There would be..
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• 21 Europeans 57 Asians 8 Africans
• 4 from the Western Hemisphere, north and south
• 52 would be female 48 would be male
• 70 would be non-white 30 would be white
• 70 would be non-Christian 30 would be Christian
  
• 89 would be heterosexual 11 would be homosexual
  
• 6 people would possess 59 of the entire world's
  wealth (all six would be from the United States)
  
• 80 would live in sub-standard housing
• 70 would be unable to read
• 50 would suffer from malnutrition
• 1 would have a college education
• Source Dr. Philip Harter, Stanford University

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Californias Population Size

• 34 million
• 14 million larger than the next size state
  (Texas)
• One of nine Americans calls California home

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Californias Population Growth

• Past fifty years, population has more than
  tripled.
• For the past decade, the number of new
  Californians each year would be the size of the
  City of Long Beach (450,000)
• By 2020, population is projected to reach 42-50
  million

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Californias Population, 1940-2040 (in millions)
6.9 15.9 23.8
33.9 45.5 63.0
Source California Department of Finance
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California Demographics

• First in Population Among States
• Second in African American Population
• First in Latino Population 1 in 3 Latino
  children in U.S. live in California
• First in Asian population 1 in 2 Asian children
  in the U.S. live in California
• One of every four Californians is an immigrant
• Without immigration, Californias population
  would decline

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Californias Ethnic Diversity, 2000

• 50 White
• 31 Hispanic/Latino
• 11.5 Asian/Pacific Islander
• 6.8 African American

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Ethnicity of California Population
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Racial/Ethnic Composition of California Newborns,
1997
Source California Department of Health Services
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Ethnic Breakdown of Californias Population, 2000
vs. 2040
2000
2040
10
7
12
6
32
26
57
50
Source Which Way California- James Irvine
Foundation
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Poverty in California
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Poverty in California

• In 1970, 1.9 million people were poor in
  California. By 2000, the number of poor had more
  than doubled to 4.37 million.
• Poverty has declined substantially in the last
  few years, yet poverty remains higher in
  California than the rest of the nation.

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Poverty Rates Adjusted by Housing Costs,
California and the Rest of the Nation, 1996-2000
Source Public Policy Institute of California
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Poverty and Californias Children

• Californias children are now 60 people of color
• One in four children in California is born to an
  unmarried mother
• The highest in the percentage of children living
  in poverty 19 or roughly 1.75 million children.
  
• If there were a city containing only Californias
  poor under the age of 18, it would be the third
  largest city in the state.

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Ethnic Composition of All California Children and
Those Living in Poverty
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Regional Poverty Rates in California, 2000
Source Public Policy Institute of California
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The Linguistic Landscape of Californias Schools
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Californians by Place of Birth, 1990
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Total English Learner K-12 Students, 1981-2000
Source California Department of Education
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California K-12 Percentage of English Learners
Source California Department of Education
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Percentage Increase in English Learner Population
by Region, 1981-2000
Source California Department of Education
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Educational Outcomes
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Education of Mothers of Children Born in 1997 by
Ethnicity
Source California Department of Health Services
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Preschool Participation of Children Age 3 and 4
by Ethnicity, 1995-1997
Source October Current Population Survey,
1995-1997
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Reading Proficiency for Grade 8 Public School
Students by Ethnicity, 1998
Source Ballator and Jerry, NAEP 1998 Reading
State Report for California, 1999
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Math Proficiency for Grade 8 Public School
Students by Ethnicity, 1996
Source Reese et. al., NAEP 1996 Mathematics
State Report for California, 1997
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Percent of 12th Grade Graduates in California
Public Schools Completing All Courses Required
for U.C. and/or C.S.U. Entrance
Source California Department of Education,
Educational Demographics Unit
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High School Completion Rates of Adults Age 25 to
29 by Ethnicity
Source1970, 1980, and 1990 Censuses and Current
Population Surveys, 1996-1998
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College Completion Rates of Adults Age 25 to 29
by Ethnicity
Source1970, 1980, and 1990 Censuses and Current
Population Surveys, 1996-1998
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Educational Attainment of Adults Age 25 to 54 by
Ethnicity, 1997
Source Census Data and Current Population
Surveys, 1996-1998
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Educational Opportunities
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Characteristics of Top and Bottom Quintiles of
California Public High Schools

Top Quintile Bottom
Quintile Number of Schools 151 151 Percent
urban 12 54 Percent suburban 69 19 Perce
nt receiving AFDC support 5 28 Percent
limited English proficient 7 31 Percent
father w/ h.s. diploma or higher 90 36 4-year
completion rate 91 78 College prep course
enrollment rate 61 48 Percent of seniors
taking SAT 56 33 Average SAT
score 1007 715 Percent Latino/Black/Amer.
Ind. 17 79
Source California Academic Partnership Program
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Percentage of Teachers Without Full Credentials
by Students Racial/Ethnic Group, 1998
Source Calculations from the California Basic
Education Data System, California Department of
Education
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Percentage of Schools with Internet Access, By
State
Source ETS Policy Information Center, 1999
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Percentage of Children Ages 5-14 with No Computer
at Home, 1997
Source Public Policy Institute of California
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Civic Participation
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Voting Habits by Age Cohort
Source California Journal
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Percent of Eligible Californians Voting in
Presidential Elections
61
56
53
51.9
Source Public Policy Institute of California
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Californias Adult and Voter Populations by
Ethnicity, 1996
Voter Population
Adult Population
6
12
6
7
12
25
57
75
Source Current Population Survey, November Voter
Supplement, 1996
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Tidal Wave II
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Tidal Wave II

• Californias College-Age Population is Growing
  Rapidly
• The 18-19 age group is expected to increase
  3.48 each year, or 2½ times as fast as the
  general population (1.37)
• The 20-24 age group is expected to increase
  2.62
• each year, or about twice as fast as the general
  population.

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California Public High School Graduates
Completing All Courses Required for UC and/or CSU
Entrance
Source California Department of
Education, Educational Demographics Unit
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Tidal Wave II CSU Enrollment Projections 37
increase by 2010
2000 2002 2004 2006
2008 2010
Source California State
University, ,Analytic Studies Unit
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California State University, Long Beach Campus
Growth
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Affirming Educational Opportunity in California
Challenges for EOP

• Affirming the importance of access
• Access must lead to success Building an
  environment for student success
• Affirming our role as advocates and change agents

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Affirming the Importance of Access
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Access Must Lead to Success Building an
Environment for Student Success
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Toward Developing a Comprehensive Model of
Student Persistence (Amaury Nora, 2000)

• Identifying the many factors associated with
  college persistence.
• Incorporating findings from qualitative and
  quantitative studies on student persistence.
• Formulating and testing different models of
  persistence.

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Factors Affecting Student Achievement and
Retention

• Pre-College Influences
• On-campus experiences prior to enrollment
• Encouragement and support to attend college from
  significant others
• High school academic achievement
• Psychosocial factors (experiences) during high
  school
• High school leadership experiences
• Anticipatory attitudes
• Self-efficacy
• Friendship support system

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Factors Affecting Student Achievement and
Retention (Cont.)

• Collegiate Experiences
• In- and out-of-class academic experiences
• Informal faculty/student contact
• Faculty attention to teaching and learning
• Collaborative learning situations
• Social integration into campus environment
• Institutional commitment (sense of belonging and
  worthwhile experience)

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Affirming the Role of EOP as Advocates and Change
Agents