James Monroe and John Quincy Adams: Granddaddys of

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James Monroe and John Quincy Adams Granddaddys
of American Imperialism Monroe
Doctrine -1823, State of the Union -came on
the eve of many Latin American countries winning
independence (Argentina, Chile, Peru, Gran
Colombia) -sought to combat European colonialism
in the Western Hemisphere Basic Message
-as a principle, in which the rights and
interests of the United States are involved,
that the American continent, by the free and
independent condition which they have assumed
and maintain are henceforth not to be considered
as subjects for future colonization by European
powers. -acts of European colonialism
dangerous to the peace and safety of the
US -US wont intervene in Old World affairs,
Europe shouldnt intervene in New World
affairs. Problems in vague language and later
manifestations of Monroe Doctrine
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Cuba and the United States Dirty Dancing, Havana
Nights
-1840s Rise in interest of US annexation of both
sides--natural, gravitational connection.. -1854
Ostend Manifest -1860s Decline of
annexationist sentiment -After 10 Years War, old
planted class destroyed, replaced by US
capitalists and investors -April 1898 President
McKinely asks Congress to approve military
intervention in Cuba during Independence
War -Teller Amendment US disclaims that there is
not intent to take over Cuba, just to
establish control, pacify, then leave -1891
Foster Canovas Agreement reducing tarrifs on
both sides -Platt Amendment 1903, establishes
right of US intervention -1920s economic crisis,
US invokes Platt Amendment -1933 Sumner
Wells -1960 Law 851 -1960 Eisenhowers
propaganda campaign against Cuba, partial
embargo -1961 total embargo
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The Founding of the Nation of Panama

• A State of US Influence

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The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which
results in a general loosening of the ties of
civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere,
ultimately require intervention by some civilized
nation and in the Western Hemisphere the
adherence of the United States to the Monroe
Doctrine may force the United States, however
reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing
or impotence, to the exercise of an international
police power. -Theodore Roosevelt,
Address to Congress (December 6, 1904)
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(No Transcript)
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Key Players

• William Nelson Cromwell
• Teddy Roosevelt
• Dr. Manuel Amador Guerrero
• John Hay

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Timeline

• 1896 Lobbying begins to purchase rights to
  build Panama Canal
• 1901 Teddy Roosevelt becomes president after
  William McKinleys assassination.
• 1902 House passes bill to build canal through
  Nicaragua. Bill is later reversed and canal is to
  be built through the isthmus of Panama.
• August 1903 Columbia rejects proposal to build
  canal through Panama
• November 3, 1903 US warships arrive in Colón
  and help to secure independence of Panamanian
  state.
• November 18, 1903 Panama Canal Treaty signed.
• 1914 Panama Canal is opened.

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No action ever taken by the Government, in
dealing with any foreign power since the days of
the Revolution, was more vitally necessary to the
well-being of our people, and no action we ever
took was taken with a higher regard for the
standards of honor, of courage, and of efficiency
which should distinguish the attitude of the
United States in all its dealings with the rest
of the world. - Theodore Roosevelt, 1914,
regarding the construction of the Panama Canal
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Maquiladora Program

• Mexico

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Maquiladoras

• 1942 - 1964 Bracero Program
• 1965 Border Industrialization Program
  ?Maquiladora program
• Facilities where imported product components are
  processed/assembled into finished products for
  export
• -Partial or total ownership by foreign countries
  such as the US and Japan

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A Few Examples

• Foster Grant Corporation
• General Electric Company
• JVC
• GM
• Hasbro
• Hewlett Packard
• Hitachi Home Electronics
• Honda
• Honeywell, Inc.
• Hughes Aircraft
• Hyundai Precision America
• IBM
• Matsushita
• Mattel
• Maxell Corporation
• Mercedes Benz

• 3 Day Blinds
• 20th Century Plastic
• Acer Peripherals
• Bali Company, Inc.
• Bayer Corp./Medsep
• BMW
• Canon Business Machines
• Casio Manufacturing
• Chrysler
• Daewoo
• Eastman Kodak/Verbatim
• Eberhard-Faber
• Eli Lilly Corporation
• Ericsson
• Fisher Price
• Ford

• Mitsubishi Electronics Corp.
• Motorola
• Nissan
• Philips
• Pioneer Speakers
• Samsonite Corporation
• Samsung
• Sanyo North America
• Sony Electronics
• Tiffany
• Toshiba
• VW
• Xerox
• Zenith

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US Benefits

• Lowered production costs
• Facility ownership can be 100 non-Mexican
• Proximity to US

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Costs for Mexico

• Air and water quality are compromised
• Cost of living increases ? shantytowns

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Gold Mining at Minera Yanacocha
Peru
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Minera Yanacocha

• Cajamarca, Peru
• One of Perus poorest agricultural regions
• Established in 1992

Yanacocha
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Impact

• Economic and social
• Agricultural
• Environmental

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Yanacocha Protest

• September, 2004
• -Two Weeks
• Thousands of peasants

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Neo-Liberal Model of Trade

• The application of domestic liberal
  (laissez-faire) economic practices to global
  trade policies.
• Current trade policy of United States.
• Trade rules and exchange rates maintained by
  NGOs such as the WTO and IMF.

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Fundamentals of Free Trade

• Policies
• Abolition of import tariffs
• Abolition of import quotas
• The maximization of openness of markets.

• Consequences
• Increase in specialization
• Increase in global trade
• Increase in global interdependence

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Argument for Free Trade

• Trade can be a harmonizing force, promoting
  cooperation over conflict.
• States gain efficiency through trade.
• Access to new markets allows access to more
  capital.
• Links wealth and growth of all states together.
  States seek to maximize growth for all other
  states.

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Argument Against Free Trade

• The benefits gained from free trade correlate
  directly with the size and stage of development
  of a states economy.
• Networks of interconnections may be asymmetrical
  leaving some states vulnerable to exploitation.
• Less dependent states are more free to pursue
  independent goals.

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Resistance to Neo-Liberalism and
Globalization Protest Movements
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World Traits
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Questions?
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Bibliography
Espino, Diaz Espino. How Wall Street Created a
Nation. New York Four Walls Eight Windows,
2001. Roosevelt, Theodore. Fear God and Take Your
Own Part. New York George H. Doran Company,
1916. Veeser, Cyrus. Inventing Dollar Diplomacy.
Diplomatic History, Vol. 27 No. 3, June
2003. Perez, Louis A. Cuba Between Reform and
Revolution. New York Oxford University Press,
2006. www.maketradefair.org www.globalissues.org w
ww.wikipedia.org www.rocksolomon.mrecreations.com
www.historylink.org http//www.nodirtygold.org htt
p//ciudadsaludable.org/fotos20generales/slides/B
otadero20Cajamarca202.html http//www.corpwatch.
org/article.php?id1528 http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi
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oots.aspx http//socialismandliberation.org/mag/in
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lmd/html/winterspring_93/gallery.html http//www.l
aputan.org/mud/mud.html http//www.cnime.org.mx/no
sotros/asociaciones.htm